Chronic gastritis

Abstract

Prevalence of chronic gastritis has markedly declined in developed populations during the past decades. However, chronic gastritis is still one of the most common serious pandemic infections with such severe killing sequelae as peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Globally, on average, even more than half of people may have a chronic gastritis at present. Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood is the main cause of chronic gastritis, which microbial origin is the key for the understanding of the bizarre epidemiology and course of the disease. A life-long and aggressive inflammation in gastritis results in destruction (atrophic gastritis) of stomach mucosa with time (years and decades). The progressive worsening of atrophic gastritis results subsequently in dysfunctions of stomach mucosa. Atrophic gastritis will finally end up in a permanently acid-free stomach in the most extreme cases. Severe atrophic gastritis and acid-free stomach are the highest independent risk conditions for gastric cancer known so far. In addition to the risks of malignancy and peptic ulcer, acid-free stomach and severe forms of atrophic gastritis may associate with failures in absorption of essential vitamins, like vitamin B12, micronutrients (like iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc), diet and medicines.

The relationship of interpersonal sensitivity and depression among patients with chronic atrophic gastritis: The mediating role of coping styles

“…Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is defined as chronic inflammation with loss of the glandular structures of the stomach mucosa (Dixon et al., ). Based on assessment, more than half of the world population has chronic gastritis to some degree (Sipponen & Maaroos, ). CAG is a premalignant lesion, and several epidemiological studies have shown increased risk of gastric cancer in subjects with CAG (Kim et al., ; Siurala, Isokoski, Varis, & Kekki, ), which is the third most common cause of cancer‐related death in China (Yang, ).…”

Chinese consensus on chronic gastritis (2017, Shanghai)

“…Regardless of chronic atrophic gastritis or chronic non‐atrophic gastritis, their prevalence rates increase with age . This is mainly associated with the fact that H. pylori infection rate increases with age, and that the occurrence of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia also has a certain relationship with aging.…”

“…After H. pylori eradication therapy, all patients should routinely receive a re‐examination for H. pylori to evaluate the effects of the eradication therapy. The best non‐invasive assessment is the C/ 14 C‐urea breath test (UBT). Assessments should be completed at no less than 4 weeks after the completion of the eradication therapy. Recommendation level: strong Quality of evidence: high Consensus of the statement: 94.2% …”

High‐Salt Diet‐Induced Gastritis in C57BL/6 Mice is Associated with Microbial Dysbiosis and Alleviated by a Buckwheat Diet

“…Chronic gastritis is a general term for inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucosa induced by various factors and is a common digestive system disease. [ 1 ] According to previous reports, the incidence of chronic gastritis has exceeded 50% in the global population, and its global incidence was more than 900 million in 2013. [ 2 ] Importantly, long‐term chronic gastritis is an important factor in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.…”