Chronic Extrinsic Cardiac Denervation by Regional Neural Ablation

Cooper, Theodore; Gilbert, Joseph W.; Bloodwell, Robert D.; Crout, J. Richard

doi:10.1161/01.res.9.2.275

Cited by 102 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…ported that regional neural ablation resulted in depleted norepinephrine stores in the dog heart. However, shamoperated controls in the studies of Cooper et al 15 and Chidsey et al 16 showed no significant differences in cardiac norepinephrine concentration from that found in normal dogs. The same observation has been made in the guinea pig.…”

Section: Pure Control Vs Sham-operated Controlsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Thus, unoperated cats were considered suitable for control of experimental mechanical properties in our investigation. Consideration was given to the question of myocardial norepinephrine concentration since an earlier study 15 re- Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Cardiac index was determined in three cats in each group.…”

Section: Pure Control Vs Sham-operated Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same observation has been made in the guinea pig. 4 In view of these findings and in recognition of the fact that effective, deliberate surgical cardiac sympathectomy is achieved only with virtual autotransplantation, 15 the unoperated cat was considered to be adequate for control experiments on myocardial catecholamine concentration.…”

Section: Pure Control Vs Sham-operated Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recuperative potential of cardiac muscle following relief of pressure overload hypertrophy and right ventricular failure in the cat.

Coulson¹,

Yazdanfar²,

Rubio³

et al. 1977

Circulation Research

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This study examined the recuperative potential of cat hearts subjected to experimental right ventricular pressure overload (for a 10- to 14-day period) which provoked hypertrophy with and without congestive heart failure. Five groups of cats were studied: normal controls; one group with 70% pulmonary artery constriction which produced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH); one group with an 87% constriction which also produced right ventricular hypertrophy but with congestive heart failure (CHF); and two groups which had been similarly subjected to pressure overload but which had been allowed a recovery period of 30 days after relief of the pressure overload. Both the 70% and 87% pulmonic constrictions were associated with extensive right ventricular hypertrophy, depression of myocardial contractile function, and severe redlction of cardiac norepinephrine stores (normal, 1.42 mug/g: RVH, 0.11 mug/g; CHF, 0.01 mug/g). After a 30-day period of relief from the pulmonic constriction normal hemodynamic function returned. In cats in which RVH had been relieved, right ventricular weight and contractile function were normal but catecholamine depletion persisted. Cats with relieved CHF showed depressed contractile function and depleted myocardial norepinephrine, and the right ventricular weight did not return to normal. Cardiac muscle of all pressure-overloaded nonrelieved hearts showed depressed velocity of shortening and depressed ability to sustain load. Cats with RVH alone regained normal muscle shortening velocity and load-bearing ability after relief. However, cardiac muscle from the CHF-relieved group recovered only unloaded shortening velocity while the ability to sustain load remained depressed. We conclude that the recuperative potential of myocardium damaged by pressure overload is adequate provided congestive heart failure has not occurred. Heart failure produces a persistent reduction in force-generating ability of the myocardium. Hypertrophy due to pressure overload, with or without CHF, leads to cardiac catecholamine depletion which is not readily reversed by relief of the overload.

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Section: Pure Control Vs Sham-operated Controlsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Pure Control Vs Sham-operated Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pure Control Vs Sham-operated Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recuperative potential of cardiac muscle following relief of pressure overload hypertrophy and right ventricular failure in the cat.

Coulson¹,

Yazdanfar²,

Rubio³

et al. 1977

Circulation Research

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“…Chronic total denervation of the heart results in profound depletion of cardiac NE stores 6 and provides an opportunity to study the effects of digitalis 326…”

Section: Additional Abstract Reserpine Strophanthidinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Digitalis XIV: Influence of Cardiac Norepinephrine Stores on the Response of Isolated Heart Muscle to Digitalis

Spann

Sonnenblick

Cooper

et al. 1966

Circulation Research

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On the basis of studies on cardiac tissue removed from animals treated with antiadrenergic drugs, a number of investigators have suggested that the positive inotropic response to digitalis requires norepinephrine in the cardiac muscle. In the present study the action of strophanthidin was studied in isolated papillary muscles obtained from normal cat hearts, from chronic, totally cardiac-denervated, norepinephrine-depleted hearts, and from reserpine-treated, norepinephrine-depleted cats. Complete force-velocity and length-tension curves were recorded. Following the addition of strophanthidin (1.0/xg/ml) to the bath, maximum isometric tension rose by averages of 2.17 ±0.32 g/mm 2 in the normal muscles and 2.65 ±0.50 g/mm 2 in the muscles from the denervated cats, but increased significantly less (P<0.05) in the muscles from the reserpine-treated animals (1.09 ±0.36 g/mm 2 ). In addition to these changes in isometric tension, strophanthidin increased the maximum velocity of contraction (V mBI ) to a comparable extent in normal and denervated muscles, with a smaller elevation of Vm^ in reserpine-treated muscles. Strophanthidin reduced the absolute refractory period to an equal extent in all three groups of muscles. From a comparison of the inotropic responses of the muscles from normal and cardiac-denervated cats it is concluded that cardiac norepinephrine stores and neural integrity are not essential for the positive inotropic effect of strophanthidin or for its effects on the duration of the absolute refractory period. However, it appears that prior reserpine treatment may interfere with the inotropic response to digitalis by a mechanism other than norepinephrine depletion. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS reserpine strophanthidinforce-velocity curve absolute refractory period anesthetized cats cardiac denervation myocardial contractility inotropic action of glycosides • It has been suggested that the digitalis glycosides release norepinephrine (NE) from cardiac sympathetic nerves and that intact stores of the neurotransmitter are therefore required in order for these drugs to exert their full positive inotropic effect. This work was aided by grants from the John A. Hartford Foundation and U. S. Public Health Service Grants HE-06312 and HE-K3-05616.Accepted for publication March 9, 1966. suggestion has been based primarily on the demonstration of a reduced response to digitalis in cardiac muscle which had been depleted of its NE stores by reserpine or guanethidine, or in which the response to released NE was blocked with dichloroisoproterenol.1 -6 These studies do not, however, exclude the possibility that actions of these drugs, other than NE depletion or adrenergic blockade are responsible for the diminished effectiveness of digitalis. Chronic total denervation of the heart results in profound depletion of cardiac NE stores 6 and provides an opportunity to study the effects of digitalis 326

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“…Remarkable depletion of the cardiac catecholamines caused by the stellate ganglionectomy in the cat (11) suggests the dominant participation of the post ganglionic fibers originating in, or craniad to, the stellate ganglion, to the sympathetic innervation on the heart. In the dog, on the other hand, cardiac catecholamines are hardly depleted by bilateral resection of the stellate ganglion and thoracic sympathetic chain and ganglia, but depleted by extensive resection of the nerve plexus adjacent to the heart (12). On the basis of the physiological studies, Pannier (13) has indicated that the sym pathetic cardiac accelerance nerves of the dog, at least in some part, pass through the stellate ganglion without changing neuron.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Stellate Ganglionectomy on the Distribution, Uptake and Storage of Noradrenaline in the Dog Heart

Hara

1966

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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It has been shown that the heart of the mammals contains relatively large amount of catecholamines, mainly consisting of noradrenaline (1-5). The cardiac tissue takes up exogenously administered noradrenaline (6-8) and stores it for relatively long periods of time (6, 9, 10).The sympathectomy causes marked depletion of catecholamines in the sympathetic nerve terminal. Remarkable depletion of the cardiac catecholamines caused by the stellate ganglionectomy in the cat (11) suggests the dominant participation of the post ganglionic fibers originating in, or craniad to, the stellate ganglion, to the sympathetic innervation on the heart. In the dog, on the other hand, cardiac catecholamines are hardly depleted by bilateral resection of the stellate ganglion and thoracic sympathetic chain and ganglia, but depleted by extensive resection of the nerve plexus adjacent to the heart (12). On the basis of the physiological studies, Pannier (13) has indicated that the sym pathetic cardiac accelerance nerves of the dog, at least in some part, pass through the stellate ganglion without changing neuron.The following experiments were performed in an attempt to know how is the capa city of the dog heart to take up and store exogenously administered noradrenaline affected by the stellate ganglionectomy which causes only partial decreases in endogenous noradrenaline levels. METHODSMongrel dogs weighing 5 to 8 kg and of either sex were used. Determination of ' noradrenalineThe dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, i.p.) were killed by ex sanguination from the femoral arteries. Immediately the heart was removed and cleaned up by perfusion through the coronary vessels with chilled Tyrode's solution. Then the heart was divided into following portions: right (RA) and left (LA) atrium, right (RV) and left (LV) ventricle and ventricular septum (VS). Both the RV and LV were sub divided into the ventral and dorsal wall by vertical cutting. After blotting with filter paper and weighing, the tissue pieces were minced and homogenized in cooled 0.4 N

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Chronic Extrinsic Cardiac Denervation by Regional Neural Ablation

Cited by 102 publications

References 15 publications

Recuperative potential of cardiac muscle following relief of pressure overload hypertrophy and right ventricular failure in the cat.

Recuperative potential of cardiac muscle following relief of pressure overload hypertrophy and right ventricular failure in the cat.

Studies on Digitalis XIV: Influence of Cardiac Norepinephrine Stores on the Response of Isolated Heart Muscle to Digitalis

The Effects of Stellate Ganglionectomy on the Distribution, Uptake and Storage of Noradrenaline in the Dog Heart

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