Chronic exposure to ammonia induces oxidative stress and enhanced glycolysis in lung of piglets

Abstract

Ammonia is one of the major environmental pollutants in the pig industry that seriously affects the airway health of pigs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profiling changes of piglets’ lung tissue after the exposure of 0 ppm (CG), 20 ppm (LG) and 50 ppm (HG) ammonia for 30 days. Compared with the control group, the obvious lung lesions were observed in HG, including interstitial thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration and focal hemorrhage. The significantly increased content of malondialdehyde in HG, combined with the significantly decreased mRNA expression of antioxidase and inflammatory‐regulators in exposure groups, implied that ammonia exposure induced oxidative stress and diminished the anti‐inflammatory response in lung tissues. Metabolomic analyses of lung tissues revealed 15 significantly altered metabolites among the three groups including multiple amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. The accumulation of succinic acid, linoleic acid and phosphorylethanolamine and consumption of glucose, quinolinic acid and aspartic acid in ammonia exposure groups, indicated that energy supply from glucose aerobic oxidation was suppressed and the glycolysis and lipolysis were activated in lung tissues induced by chronic ammonia exposure.

House ammonia exposure causes alterations in microbiota, transcriptome, and metabolome of rabbits

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that ammonia exposure results in perturbations of amino acids, nucleotides, energy, and lipid metabolism in animals (Dong et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2020;Qin et al, 2022). We have consistently found that tyrosine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycerolipid metabolism were influenced by house ammonia exposure (Figure 7).…”

Genetically predisposed and resilient animal models of depression reveal divergent responses to early-life adversity

“…To this end, MSEW did cause a significant reduction in 1-monopalmitin hippocampal levels in FSL rats (Table 3). 1-Monopalmitin is a lipid responsible for amongst others, storing energy and acting as a structural component of cell membranes (Qin et al, 2021). Consequently, that MSEW induced a reduction in hippocampal 1-monopalmitin of FSL rats (Table 3) could suggest a negative effect on mitochondrial function and is strongly supported by the robust preoteomics analysis of Mallei et al (2015) on the Flinders strain and recent findings linking stress-related pathways, stress reactivity and the effects on mitochondrial function (Rappeneau et al, 2023).…”

Adverse effects of chronic ammonia stress on juvenile oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) and alteration of glucose and ammonia metabolism

“…Ammonia stress also causes changes in energy metabolism in animals. For example, pigs exposed to chronic ammonia stress activated glycolysis and lipolysis in the lungs 13 . Aquatic organisms exposed to stress also adaptively change metabolism of energy yielding nutrients such as glucose and lipids 14,15 .…”

“…For example, pigs exposed to chronic ammonia stress activated glycolysis and lipolysis in the lungs. 13 Aquatic organisms exposed to stress also adaptively change metabolism of energy yielding nutrients such as glucose and lipids. 14,15 For instance, ammonia exposure reduced lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) activities in juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and induced lipid decomposition in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).…”