Chronic endometritis and infertility

Abstract

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a condition involving the breakdown of the peaceful co-existence between microorganisms and the host immune system in the endometrium. A majority of CE cases produce no noticeable signs or mild symptoms, and the prevalence rate of CE has been found to be approximately 10%. Gynecologists and pathologists often do not focus much clinical attention on CE due to the time-consuming microscopic examinations necessary to diagnose CE, its mild clinical manifestations, and the benign nature of the disease. However, the relationship between CE and infertility-related conditions such as repeated implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage has recently emerged as an area of inquiry. In this study, we reviewed the literature on the pathophysiology of CE and how it may be associated with infertility, as well as the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CE. In addition, we discuss the value of hysteroscopic procedures in the diagnosis and treatment of CE.

MiR‐27a‐3p and miR‐124‐3p, upregulated in endometrium and serum from women affected by Chronic Endometritis, are new potential molecular markers of endometrial receptivity

“…Furthermore, the histological diagnosis of CE is complex, because it is based on few criteria and requires a timeconsuming examination that is often inconclusive. 18,19 Newer and certainly attractive aspects to be considered are the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the dialog between the embryo and the endometrium. 15 In the last few years, various papers showed the correlation between CE and infertility, and altered regulation of different molecules as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the endometrium of women with CE has been demonstrated.…”

“…2,16,17 Many of these proteins represent important regulators in the implantation process mediating the adhesion between the trophectoderm and the endometrial luminal epithelium, and their altered regulation in CE could explain the implantation failure in women with the disease. 18,19 Newer and certainly attractive aspects to be considered are the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the dialog between the embryo and the endometrium. 20,21 MiRNAs, small non-coding protein RNAs, play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation: they repress gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs, most commonly in their 3′ untranslated region.…”

Endometrium in focus of the gynecologist’s attention: the role of hysteroscopy and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis, the choice of treatment

“…Досліджен-ня останніх років свідчать [2], що при ХЕ пору-шується рецептивність ендометрія за рахунок зниження експресії рецепторів естрадіолу і порушення індексу співвідношення рецепто-рів прогестерону та естрадіолу [1,5,6]. При ХЕ вірогідно знижена експресія рецепторів про-гестерону та естрадіолу, особливо ці зміни ви-ражені в стромі.…”

The problem of "thin" endometrium in reproductive medicine: experience of application of recombinant Interleukin-2 to prepare patients to assisted reproductive technologies programs

“…Эндотоксины грамотрицательных бактерий стимулируют выработку провоспалительных цитокинов, что может вызвать повреждение эмбриона, отсутствие имплантации или са-мопроизвольный аборт [3][4][5]. Показано, что назначение антибактериальной терапии при хроническом эндометрите может оказать бла-гоприятное действие на исход последующей бе-ременности при неоднократных необъяснимых неудачах имплантации [6,7].…”