Chronic effects of nitrate supplementation with a newly designed beetroot formulation on biochemical and hemodynamic parameters of individuals presenting risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: A pilot study

Baião, Diego dos Santos; d'El-Rei, Jenifer; Alves, Genilton; Neves, Mário Fritsch; Perrone, Daniel; Aguila, E; Paschoalin, Vânia Margaret Flosi

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.041

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The dose–response relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption, cardiovascular risk, and cancer mortality was quantified in a recent meta-analysis, providing further evidence that the higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, and consequently antioxidants, is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, mainly cancer and cardiovascular diseases [23]. In addition, previous chronic human studies using high amounts of beetroot and, consequently, high doses of betanin, NO 3 − , phenolic compounds, and organic acids, through juice, gel, and cereal bar intake provided biochemical benefits and vascular effects without adverse outcomes [63,64,65]. Furthermore, to reach the beneficial biochemical effects, betanin, for the intake of other bioactive compounds, requires a supplementation period to reduce oxidative stress parameters [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Betanin Intake Reduces Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

et al. 2019

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Oxidative stress is a common condition described in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Betanin, a bioactive pigment from red beetroot demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term intake of betanin against oxidative stress in a rodent model, a common condition described in several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress was induced in Wistar rats by a hyperlipidemic diet for 60 days, followed by betanin administration (20 mg·kg−1) through oral gavage for 20 days. Plasma biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. Lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes were determined in the liver. The hyperlipidemic diet caused hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and increases in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels. Oxidative stress status was confirmed by reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities, increased lipid peroxidation, and liver damage. Purified betanin regulated glucose levels, insulin, and insulin resistance. Hepatic damage was reversed as evidenced by the reduction in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and confirmed by histological analyses. Betanin reduced hepatic malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Short-term betanin intake modulated biochemical parameters, reversed hepatic tissue damage, and attenuated oxidative stress in Wistar rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Betanin Intake Reduces Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, in an unprecedented clinical trial, patients displaying at least three risk factors for the development of CVD, including hypertension, were chronically supplemented for three weeks with an enriched NO 3 − beetroot-cereal bar providing 589 mg of NO 3 − in 60 g of the intervention product, resulting in 14.0 mm Hg and 6.5 mm Hg decreases in SBP and DBP, respectively, in response to ~15-fold or ~7-fold increased plasma NO 3 − and NO 2 − concentrations, respectively. Endothelial function in the treated volunteers was improved and arterial stiffness was reduced by 14% [ 45 , 51 ].…”

Section: Dietary No 3 − Vegetable Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another trial, supplementation for 3 weeks with a high dose of dietary NO 3 − concentrate in a 60 g beetroot cereal bar (9.5 mmol) resulted in ~15- and ~7-fold increases in plasma NO 3 − and NO 2 − , respectively. This was accompanied by a considerable reduction in BP (−14.0/−6.5 mm Hg) and improvement in central hemodynamic and endothelial function parameters such as arterial stiffness, augmentation and index pressures, aortic systolic and pulse pressures and cutaneous microvascular conductance [ 45 ].…”

Section: Plasma No 3 − /No 2 − Increments On Cardiovascular Health and Impairmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on Dietary Strategies to Provide Nitric Oxide as a Non-Drug Cardiovascular Disease Therapy: Beetroot Formulations—A Smart Nutritional Intervention

Baião

Silva

Paschoalin

2021

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Beetroot is a remarkable vegetable, as its rich nitrate and bioactive compound contents ameliorate cardiovascular and metabolic functions by boosting nitric oxide synthesis and regulating gene expressions or modulating proteins and enzyme activities involved in these cellular processes. Dietary nitrate provides a physiological substrate for nitric oxide production, which promotes vasodilatation, increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure. A brief narrative and critical review on dietary nitrate intake effects are addressed herein by considering vegetable sources, dosage, intervention regimen and cardioprotective effects achieved in both healthy and cardiovascular-susceptible individuals. Compared to other nitrate-rich vegetables, beets were proven to be the best choice for non-drug therapy because of their sensorial characteristics and easy formulations that facilitate patient adherence for long periods, allied to bioaccessibility and consequent effectiveness. Beets were shown to be effective in raising nitrate and nitrite in biological fluids at levels capable of promoting sustained improvement in primary and advanced hemodynamic parameters.

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“…The intake of 250 mL of beetroot juice containing 6.4 mmol of NO 3 − by 34 drug-naive hypertensive patients for 4 weeks increased NO synthesis and cGMP levels, accompanied by decreases in arterial stiffness and a ≈20% improvement in endothelial function proven by decreases in 24 h ambulatory and home BPs [ 29 ]. The intake of 60 g of beetroot-cereal bars containing 9.57 mmol of NO 3 − for 3 weeks by five patients presenting at least three risk factors for the development of CVD promoted increases in the NO synthesis and improvements in cutaneous microvascular conductance peak decreases in arterial stiffness (through assessments concerning the augmentation index—AIx, aortic pulse pressure— ao PP, and PWV index) and decreases in SBP and DBP [ 208 ].…”

Section: Beetroot Product Interventions Increase Nitric Oxide Prodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beetroot, A Remarkable Vegetable: Its Nitrate and Phytochemical Contents Can be Adjusted in Novel Formulations to Benefit Health and Support Cardiovascular Disease Therapies

2020

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The cardioprotective effects of dietary nitrate from beetroot in healthy and hypertensive individuals are undeniable and irrefutable. Nitrate and nitrate-derived nitrite are precursors for nitric oxide synthesis exhibiting an effect on cardiomyocytes and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, improving endothelial function, reducing arterial stiffness and stimulating smooth muscle relaxation, decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Beetroot phytochemicals like betanin, saponins, polyphenols, and organic acids can resist simulated gastrointestinal digestion, raising the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effects of beetroots result from the combination of nitrate/nitrite and bioactive compounds that limit the generation of reactive oxygen species and modulate gene expression. Nitrate and phytochemical concentrations can be adjusted in beet formulations to fulfill requirements for acute or long-term supplementations, enhancing patient adherence to beet intervention. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, beet nitrate and its bioactive phytochemicals are promising as a novel supportive therapy to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases.

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Chronic effects of nitrate supplementation with a newly designed beetroot formulation on biochemical and hemodynamic parameters of individuals presenting risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: A pilot study

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Short-Term Betanin Intake Reduces Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Short-Term Betanin Intake Reduces Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

A Narrative Review on Dietary Strategies to Provide Nitric Oxide as a Non-Drug Cardiovascular Disease Therapy: Beetroot Formulations—A Smart Nutritional Intervention

Beetroot, A Remarkable Vegetable: Its Nitrate and Phytochemical Contents Can be Adjusted in Novel Formulations to Benefit Health and Support Cardiovascular Disease Therapies

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