Chronic effects of lead and arsenic on life history traits of Daphnia magna

Single and binary effects of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate and trace metals (Cd, Pb) on life‐history traits ofDaphnia magna

“…As showed in Exhibit 2, DEHP (at the concentration of 50 µg L −1 ) did not decrease the D. magna survival but the toxicity of DEHP+Cd to the survival of D. magna (in our study, 100% of daphnids died on the 16 th day of the experiment) was much stronger than that of Cd in previous investigations, from 10% to 80% mortality in previous studies (Bodar et al, 1988;Perez & Hoang, 2017). Although the single exposure to DEHP (in the present study), Pb (e.g., Quach et al, 2019) or Cd (e.g., Bodar et al, 1988) did not significantly cause mortality in D. magna, the combination of DEHP and Pb, or DEHP and Cd induced a severe impact on survival of the organism. Further studies should be conducted to confirm if the impacts DEHP+Pb and DEHP+Cd are additive or synergistic.…”

“…However, Quach et al. (2019) found that D. magna in the exposure to 5 µg Pb L −1 did not significantly alter its maturity age. Apparently, the DEHP concentration was not high enough to affect the maturity age of the daphnids.…”

“…Therefore, exposure to the metals would result in energy costs in the treated animals. However, we assumed that Pb at low concentration (4.2 µg L −1 ) would not negatively impact D. magna because in exposures to Pb solely, the survival rate of D. magna did not reduce over 15 days at the concentration of 30 µg L −1 (Regaldo et al., 2014) or 21 days of treatment at the concentration of 50 µg L −1 (Quach et al., 2019). Seriously, in this study, the mixture of DEHP and Pb strongly decreased survival of D. magna after 21 days of treatment.…”

“…This could be explained by the much higher toxicity of Cd than Pb to the animals. In detail, Perez and Hoang (2017) found a very high mortality rate of D. magna exposed to Cd at a very low concentration (1.5 µg L −1 ), whereas the concentration of 50 µg Pb L −1 did not significantly impact the D. magna survival (Quach et al., 2019). Besides, Bodar et al., and Zandee (1988) observed a slight reduction in the survival rate of D. magna treated with a Cd concentration of 5 µg L −1 .…”

COMBINATION IMPACT OF pH AND TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF LEAD ON ZOOPLANKTON IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL WARMING

“…Pb is used in lead-acid battery manufacturing, lead bullets, painting, plumbing, printing, lead mining and refining, smelting. The adverse effects of Pb to aquatic organisms have been observed extensively, such as the reduced survival and impairments of reproductions in Daphnia Magna [4], changes in the morphology in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) [5], and lifespan of Daphnia pulex [6].…”