Chronic effects of exercise implemented during school-break time on neurophysiological indices of inhibitory control in adolescents

Ludyga, Sebastian; Gerber, Markus; Herrmann, Christian; Brand, Serge; Pühse, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.tine.2017.11.001

Cited by 39 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There is growing evidence that regular physical activity (PA) is an efficacious and low-cost health behavior that supports cognitive and brain development in children and adolescents [1,2]. Indeed, previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that PA intervention increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in the serum [3], as well as improves brain structural and functional integrity [4,5], and that these changes might, in turn, result in improvements in executive functions (EFs) [5][6][7][8][9][10] in preadolescent and adolescent children. EFs refer to a subset of cognitive operations that underlie goal-directed actions including inhibition (the ability to suppress impulses and natural, habitual or dominant behavioral responses), working memory (the ability to hold and process new and already stored information) and cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch perspectives or one's focus of attention) [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study investigated whether the effects of regular PA intervention on cognition are moderated by baseline performance and EF demand. We reanalyzed data from three RCTs [7][8][9] in which the effects of PA intervention on cognition were examined using EF tasks that included at least two task conditions requiring variable EF demands (i.e., lower-EF condition and higher-EF condition). We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of PA intervention on cognitive performance would be disproportionately greater for lower compared to higher baseline performers, as well as for all participants in the higher-EF, compared to the lower-EF, condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Baseline Cognitive Performance Moderates the Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Children

Ishihara

Drollette

Ludyga

et al. 2020

JCM

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Findings regarding the effects of regular physical activity on cognition in children have been inconsistent due to a number of demographic factors and experimental considerations. The present study was designed to examine baseline cognitive performance and executive function demands, as possible factors underlying the lack of consensus in the literature, by investigating the moderating role of those factors on the effects of physical activity on cognition. We reanalyzed data from three randomized controlled trials, in which the effects of regular physical activity intervention on cognition were examined using executive function tasks that included at least two task conditions requiring variable executive function demands, with a cumulative total of 292 participants (9–13 years). The results indicate that cognitive improvements resulting from physical activity intervention were greater in children with lower baseline cognitive performance. The main analysis revealed that beneficial effects of physical activity intervention on cognitive performance were generally observed across executive function conditions. However, secondary analyses indicated that these general effects were moderated by baseline performance, with disproportionately greater effects for task conditions with higher executive function demands. These findings suggest that baseline cognitive performance is an individual difference variable that moderates the beneficial effects of physical activity on executive functions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline Cognitive Performance Moderates the Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Children

Ishihara

Drollette

Ludyga

et al. 2020

JCM

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies of children or adolescents found that physical activity was associated with acute improvements in inhibitory control ( Chang et al, 2014 ; Browne et al, 2016 ; Franco-Alvarenga et al, 2019 ). Further, adolescents who completed an 8-week exercise program had increased inhibitory control following the intervention compared to a control group ( Ludyga et al, 2018 ). While cognitive neuroscience research is limited ( Belcher et al, 2020 ), one study found that physical activity may enhance prefrontal cortex functioning in children ( Chaddock-Heyman et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Executive Functioning As a Mechanism Linking Activity And Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into Causal Pathways Between the Pediatric Age-Related Physical Activity Decline and Loss of Control Eating: A Narrative Review and Proposed Conceptual Model

et al. 2020

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Research consistently suggests that loss of control (LOC) eating in children and adolescents is a key factor contributing to pediatric obesity and eating disorders. However, causes of pediatric LOC eating are yet unclear, and there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating the developmental processes contributing to LOC eating and related outcomes in youth. Physical activity is an understudied behavior that declines during middle childhood to adolescence and may exert an influence in the development of LOC eating via its impact on executive functioning. While physical activity levels and executive functioning have been linked to regulation of eating, no research has examined the mechanistic processes by which these domains may together impact LOC eating during childhood and adolescence. In the current narrative review, a model is proposed that suggests how physical activity and executive functioning influence LOC eating and related outcomes during childhood and adolescence. This model has the potential to influence future theoretical models of pediatric LOC eating and guide future prevention and intervention efforts.

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“…Specifically, there has been a notable increase in studies that have analyzed the link between physical exercise and cognitive functioning for this age group [6,7]. In the set of studies carried out, those that have highlighted positive relationships of physical exercise with cognitive abilities, such as attention and concentration, processing speed, cognitive functioning or language, stand out [7][8][9][10][11]. Different advances in neuroscientific knowledge help to explain why this happens, thus endorsing this phenomenon and considering it as an important line of research in the field of health [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise, Fitness, Cognitive Functioning, and Psychosocial Variables in an Adolescent Sample

Reigal

Moral-Campillo

Baro

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The objective of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between physical exercise and physical fitness with cognitive and psychosocial functioning in a group of adolescents. 167 teenagers between 14 and 15 years old (M = 14.53; SD = 0.50) from the city of Malaga (Spain) participated in the study. This research used a comparative and predictive type of design. The Tanita ® Body Composition Monitor BC-601, some Eurofit battery tests, the D2 Attention Test, the WISC-IV Scale Symbols and Keys tests, the Form 5 Self-Concept Questionnaire (AF5), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to evaluate the study variables. The results found in this research pointed to a positive relationship between physical exercise and physical fitness with cognitive and psychosocial functioning in the adolescents analyzed. For example, adolescents who practiced more physical exercise had better scores on variables such as selective attention (p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.10), processing speed (p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.09) or general self-efficacy (p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.15). In addition, cardiorespiratory fitness was the best predictor of test scores to assess cognitive ability and psychosocial variables. These findings suggest the need to promote physical exercise among young people because of its implications for various facets of their health and development

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Chronic effects of exercise implemented during school-break time on neurophysiological indices of inhibitory control in adolescents

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Baseline Cognitive Performance Moderates the Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Children

Baseline Cognitive Performance Moderates the Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Children

New Insights Into Causal Pathways Between the Pediatric Age-Related Physical Activity Decline and Loss of Control Eating: A Narrative Review and Proposed Conceptual Model

Physical Exercise, Fitness, Cognitive Functioning, and Psychosocial Variables in an Adolescent Sample

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