Chronic disease multimorbidity among the Canadian population: prevalence and associated lifestyle factors

Abstract

Background Chronic diseases is increasingly becoming one of the most pressing public health concerns in most part of the world, including the Canadian population. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the general population based on 14 major chronic diseases and examine associations with lifestyle/behavioral factors. Methods The data source was the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The CCHS is a cross sectional, complex multi-stage survey based on information collected from 109,659 participants aged 12+, covering all provinces and territories. Multimorbidity was defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases within a person. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the key determinants of multimorbidity. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was 33 %. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, there was an increased odd of multimorbidity for those having a sedentary lifestyle (AOR = 1.06; CI:1.01–1.11) and being obese (AOR = 1.37; CI:1.32–1.43) or overweight (AOR = 2.65; CI: 2.54–2.76). There were two statistically significant interactions, between sex and smoking, and between immigration status and alcohol intake. Smoking was more strongly associated with multimorbidity in females than males. The association between alcohol intake and multimorbidity was also dependent upon immigration status. Conclusions Given the high prevalence of multimorbidity among the general Canadian population, policy makers and service providers should give more attention to the behavioral/lifestyle factors which significantly predicted multimorbidity. Policy and program efforts that promote a healthy lifestyle should be a priority.

Multimorbidity and depression among older adults in India: Mediating role of functional and behavioural health

“…Few studies have shown high national level estimates of multimorbidity in Spain and Germany, approximately 60 percent for individuals age 65 years and above [ 8 , 9 ]. Population prevalence studies in Australia, Canada, Spain and several European countries have also reported high prevalence of multimorbidity [ 4 , 10 , 11 ]. Meanwhile, depression in older ages is a public health complication that cannot be ignored [ 12 ].…”

Multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among older adults in India

“…A systematic review study has revealed that the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults was found to be more than 55% in different countries [ 14 ]. Despite that, high multimorbidity prevalence has been observed in many developed nations, for instance- the United States, Australia [ 13 ], Canada [ 15 ] & Europe [ 9 , 12 , 16 ]. Interestingly, the older adults from developing nations are inadequately equipped with the multimorbidity challenge; as a result, a study conducted in Vietnam [ 17 ] revealed that more than 40% of older adults had multimorbidity conditions, whereas 69% in China [ 11 ] and 52% in Bangladesh [ 18 ].…”

Multimorbidity, psychoactive substance use and psychological distress among acute medically ill patients: a cross-sectional study

“…Therefore, the probability for adverse events, non-adherence and drug interactions might be elevated due to the diminished metabolic efficiency for both alcohol and other substances and requires careful management among the older patients drinking in a risky manner. 35 36 Nevertheless, in our study, the prevalence of multimorbidity among the young patients (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) was high (35%). The reason for this might be that our hospital comprises patients from boroughs with low income and low life expectation rates in Norway.…”

“…Of the young multimorbid patients (18-34 years) 14.1% used illicit drugs, 14.1% used psychoactive medicinal drugs and 31.4% reported to have psychological distress. Compared with the young patients, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] among multimorbid patients aged ≥35 the prevalence of psychological distress decreased with increasing age (for those aged 35-49 years the prevalence was 30.2%; for those 50-64 years it was 26.3%; 65-79 years: 23.9% and for those >80 years it was 13.8%) while the prevalence of psychoactive medicinal drug use increased substantially with increasing age (for those aged 35-49 years the prevalence was 32.6%; for those 50-64 years it was 45.4%; 65-79 years: 43.8% and for those >80 years it was 41.2%). Illicit drugs were most prevalent among those aged Open access years (16.9%) and decreased substantially with increasing age (for those 50-64 years it was 10.7%; 65-79 years 1.3% and for those >80 years it was 0.8%).…”

“…[14][15][16] Alcohol, psychoactive medicinal and illicit substance use have been shown to be associated mostly with individual diseases and not with co-occurring diseases; there is a scarcity of reports examining the association between multimorbidity and all three substance groups in the same study population; the majority of the evidence on substance use and health outcomes including mortality pertains to alcohol and tobacco. [17][18][19] Individual studies have explored alcohol as a risk factor for multimorbidity with mixed results, [18][19][20][21] others demonstrate an association of multimorbidity and polypharmacy (use of multiple medications in a single individual). 22 However, data on the association of multimorbidity and illicit drug use are scant.…”