Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini Review

Lotfy, Mohamed; Adeghate, Jennifer; Kalász, Huba; Singh, Jaipaul; Adeghate, Ernest

doi:10.2174/1573399812666151016101622

Cited by 311 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Diabetes mellitus (DM), a serious and complex metabolic disorder, currently affects over 350 million people worldwide, and type 2 DM (T2DM) accounts for 90–95% of all diagnosed diabetes in adults [1, 2]. Studies have demonstrated that DM is associated with certain cardiovascular diseases such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) [1, 3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, Empagliflozin, Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

Zhou¹,

Wu²

2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine whether or not the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), can protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to elucidate the related mechanism. Methods: Rats were divided into the following four groups: a non-diabetic group; diabetic cardiomyopathy rats without EMPA treatment; and diabetic cardiomyopathy rats with EMPA treatment (low- and high-dose EMPA). Hemodynamic measurements were performed to evaluate left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. The histopathology of the heart was examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78, enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 was detected by Western blot, and the mRNA levels of XBP1, ATF4, and TRAF2 were analysed by real-time PCR. Results: EMPA significantly decreased the blood glucose level when compared with vehicle. EMPA strongly improved cardiac function based on hemodynamic and histopathologic analyses. Moreover, EMPA can significantly down-regulate the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 (P < 0.01). Additionally, the mRNA levels of XBP1, ATF4, and TRAF2 were markedly decreased by administration of EMPA (P < 0.01). Conclusion: EMPA protects against DCM by inactivating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated that DM is associated with certain cardiovascular diseases such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) [1, 3]. DCM is a disease process which affects the myocardium in diabetic patients, and its prevalence reaches to 60% in T2DM [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, Empagliflozin, Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

Zhou¹,

Wu²

2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…T2DM greatly increases the risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction and stroke (3); therefore, more effective treatments and novel prevention strategies for T2DM are required (4). The mechanisms of T2DM action, including lipid metabolism disorders, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and redox homeostasis imbalance, have previously been described (5). β-cells dysfunction contributes to inadequate INS secretion, which is the ultimate cause of T2DM (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The progression of T2DM is associated with changes in several factors, including mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid metabolism and β-cells development (5). A number of proteins, including mitochondrial biogenesis-related nuclear respiratory factor (NRF), mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), lipid metabolism-associated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), β-cells-associated pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 gene (PDX-1), mid-arm fat area (MAFA) (8) and INS, are associated with T2DM (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol attenuates type 2 diabetes mellitus by mediating mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism via Sirtuin type 1

Cao

Liu

et al. 2017

Exp Ther Med

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Abstract. The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem and novel therapeutic strategies are required to prevent and treat T2DM. It has been demonstrated that resveratrol (RSV) may prevent T2DM by targeting Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), indicating that SIRT1 may be a novel therapeutic target for T2DM prevention. In the present study, a T2DM rat model was established by administering a high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Measurements of blood glucose and insulin confirmed successful establishment of the T2DM model. RSV was used to treat rats with STZ-induced T2DM and the results indicated that RSV reversed the STZ-induced downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, SIRT1 and forkhead box protein O 3a. Furthermore, RSV modulated the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, which are associated with oxidative stress. In vitro, cells from the insulinoma cell line clone 1E were pretreated with palmitic acid (PA) to simulate a high fat environment. The results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that PA suppressed the expression of SIRT1 in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, PA modulated the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-associated, lipid metabolism-associated and β-cell-associated genes, whereas RSV treatment ameliorated the PA-induced changes in the expression of these genes via SIRT1. The results of the present study suggest that RSV participates in the prevention of T2DM by regulating the expression of mitochondrial genes associated with biogenesis, lipid metabolism and β-cells via SIRT1. The results of the current study provide an insight into the mechanisms by which SIRT1 inhibits T2DM and may be used as a basis for future studies.

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“…According to the International Diabetes Federation 2013 update, 8.3% of adults (i.e., 382 million people) were diabetic worldwide; by 2035, this number will rise to 592 million [1]. It costs around USD 1,200 billion to diagnose, treat, and care for both type 1 and type 2 DM patients globally [2]. The disorder is rapidly increasing out of proportion in both developed and developing countries, especially type 2 DM, which is associated with modern lifestyle habits such as reduced physical activity, diet, obesity, and genetic factors [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Diseases: A Survey of the Opinions of Dental Professionals

AlShwaimi

Idrees²,

Berri

et al. 2018

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge of dentists and dental assistants practicing in Saudi Arabia regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal diseases. Subjects and Methods: We used a pretested, closed-ended, multiple-choice questionnaire covering 2 principal sections: the assessment of previous educational training and practice, and the knowledge and scientific background regarding DM and periodontal diseases. The responses were grouped using the Likert-type scale. Results: The questionnaire showed a high reliability value of 0.805 as determined by a Cronbach’s α. Out of 365 subjects who were initially interviewed, 239 subjects participated (response rate 65.5%): general dentists (45.6%) and dental hygienists and assistants (54.4%). Of the participating dentists, 70.4% were males; in contrast, 87.7% of dental assistants were female. Eighty-five percent of the participants strongly agreed that evidence supports the association between periodontal diseases and DM. Remarkably, dental assistants (78%) agreed more than dentists (68.5%) that diabetic patients with periodontal conditions would have worse glycemic control compared to diabetic patients with no periodontal diseases. Seventy-five percent of the respondents were confident about performing oral health screening for diabetic patients. Significantly more dental assistants showed their desire to expand their practice to include oral health screening (85%) and education compared to dentists (74%). Conclusions: Both dentists and dental assistants in Saudi Arabia revealed a satisfactory knowledge level regarding the periodontal disease-diabetes interactions with no significant difference between the two groups. Further studies are recommended to assess the attitude of dental care providers while dealing with diabetic patients.

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Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini Review

Cited by 311 publications

References 2 publications

The Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, Empagliflozin, Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

The Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, Empagliflozin, Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

Resveratrol attenuates type 2 diabetes mellitus by mediating mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism via Sirtuin type 1

Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Diseases: A Survey of the Opinions of Dental Professionals

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