Chronic Cannulation and Fistulization Procedures in Swine: A Review and Recommendations

Abstract

Swine are important animal models in biomedical research. Some experimental procedures may require chronic access to blood vessels, organs, and structures. Chronic access procedures may be utilized for collection of blood and body fluids as well as for the infusion of test substances. This manuscript reviews methodologies that have been reported to be effective for these procedures. It also makes recommendations on the maintenance of indwelling catheters, cannulas, and fistulas.

Myelination of the Pig’s Brain: A Correlated MRI and Histological Study

“…This is the first experimental study to correlate the hyperintense signals of fiber tracts from T 1 -weighted MR imaging with the histological evidence of myelination of the white fiber tracts in animals. Since pigs are used in many experimental studies [4,5] due to their similarity to the human, knowledge of its myelination will undoubtedly form a background for future CNS studies in this species.…”

“…Unfortunately, in the postnatal development of the CNS of experimental animals, the temporal sequence of myelination has been largely neglected. Due to its similarity with humans the pig is an ideal animal for experimental research [4,5]. However, its development of the CNS, especially the myelination of fibers, remains undocumented.…”

Permanent jugular catheterization in miniature pig: treatment, clinical and pathological observatio

“…Some complications occur later after catheterization, like thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism, local or system infection and sepsis (Sznajder et al, 1986;Swindle and Adams, 1988;Gonzales et al, 1991;Doierau et al, 1993;Yilmazlar et al, 1997;Swindle et al, 1998;Mickley, 2002;Badge et al, 2003;Yoshida, 2003). We have noticed only a local tempered swelling of subcutum, localized in the site of catheterization at the third day after operation in the minipig E66, and an obstruction of the catheter in proximal direction in the minipig E103 at the Day 20 of experiment.…”

“…The long-term cannulation of v. jugularis externa has been performed in pigs by surgical method (Schmitd et al, 1988;Swindle and Adams, 1988;Swindle et al, 1998;Stukelj et al, 2005) or transcutaneously (Carrol et al, 1999;Matte, 1999;Fudge et al, 2002) and proved convenient for application of medicaments or collection of blood. We have approached to the surgical method of catheterization, using puncture of v. jugularis externa by the Seldinger needle.…”

“…The vein is well accessible for a safe surgical preparation and is the first choice for clinics without monitoring technique since position of the implanted catheter can be reliably determined. Pigs are very liable to vasocontriction during surgical manipulation with vessels (Swindle and Adams, 1988;Swindle et al, 1998). The vasoconstriction complicates manipulation with the vessel and the diminished lumen prevents insertion of the catheter into the vein.…”