Chronic and Acute Ozone Exposure in the Week Prior to Delivery Is Associated with the Risk of Stillbirth

Abstract

Chronic and acute air pollution has been studied in relation to stillbirth with inconsistent findings. We examined stillbirth risk in a retrospective cohort of 223,375 singleton deliveries from 12 clinical sites across the United States. Average criteria air pollutant exposure was calculated using modified Community Multiscale Air Quality models for the day of delivery and each of the seven days prior, whole pregnancy, and first trimester. Poisson regression models using generalized estimating equations estimated the relative risk (RR) of stillbirth and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in relation to an interquartile range increase in pollutant with adjustment for temperature, clinical, and demographic factors. Ozone (O3) was associated with a 13–22% increased risk of stillbirth on days 2, 3, and 5–7 prior to delivery in single pollutant models, and these findings persisted in multi-pollutant models for days 5 (RR = 1.22, CI = 1.07–1.38) and 6 (RR = 1.18, CI = 1.04–1.33). Whole pregnancy and first trimester O3 increased risk 18–39% in single pollutant models. Maternal asthma increased stillbirth risk associated with chronic PM2.5 and carbon monoxide exposures. Both chronic and acute O3 exposure consistently increased stillbirth risk, while the role of other pollutants varied. Approximately 8000 stillbirths per year in the US may be attributable to O3 exposure.

Risk Associated with the LEPR rs8179183 GG Genotype in a Female Korean Population with Obesity

“…The effect of genotype on subjects with obesity was significant in terms of lipid profiles, glucose-related markers, adipokines, oxidative stress markers, and regional fat areas at the level of the L4 vertebra. In previous studies, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LEPR , including rs8179183, have been shown to be associated with a variety of chronic diseases [ 13 ]. However, few studies have assessed the association between LEPR polymorphisms and the risk of CVD, and the results are still controversial.…”

Interactive effects of changing stratospheric ozone and climate on tropospheric composition and air quality, and the consequences for human and ecosystem health

“…A study in the USA examined risk of stillbirth in a retrospective cohort of 223,375 singlebaby deliveries from 12 clinical sites. 125 Based on an interquartile increment in exposures, O3 was significantly associated with stillbirth (RR = 1.13-1.22) on days 2, 3, and 5-7 prior to delivery (range of IQRs = 35.4-35.6 µg m -3 ). Relative risk for the whole pregnancy was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.05-1.84).…”

Atmen: Luftschadstoffe und Gesundheit – Teil III

“…Diese können zu den beobachteten negativen Auswirkungen wie verkürzter Schwangerschaftsdauer, reduziertem Geburtsgewicht [82,97,101,102], Früh-bzw. Totgeburten [101,102,105,106] sowie verminderter Lungenfunktion beim Säugling und Kleinkind [109,110] führen. Alterationen der Lungenfunktion mögen zur Prävalenz des allergischen Symptoms "Wheezing" und der Entstehung allergischer Erkrankungen beitragen [125,126]; die genauen Mechanismen sind aber unbekannt.…”

“…Aufgrund der Heterogenität zwischen den 13 identifizierten Studien konnten allerdings nur 2 oder 3 Studien aus den USA oder Asien in die Metaanalyse einbezogen werden. Die kürzlich publizierte Studie von Mendola et al[106], die über 220 000 Geburten mit knapp 1000 Totgeburten in den USA untersuchten, fanden bei einer um einen Quartilsabstand erhöhten Ozonbelastung in der Woche vor der Geburt ein erhöhtes Risiko von 1,22 (95 %KI: 1,07 -1,38), für eine erhöhte Belastung im 1. Trimenon von 1,18 (95 %KI: 1,00 -1,39) und für die gesamte Schwangerschaft von 1,39 (95 %KI: 1,05 -1,84).…”