Chronic aerobic exercise training attenuates aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction through preserving aortic mitochondrial function in aged rats

Gu, Qin; Wang, Bing; Zhang, Xiaofeng; Ma, Yanping; Liu, Jiandong; Wang, Xiaoze

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.014

Cited by 56 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Collagen is a major contributor to the mechanical properties of the artery, and the increased presence of collagen fibers in the artery over elastin fibers contributes to bulk arterial stiffening (Díez, 2014; Fleenor and Berrones, 2015). As arteries age, collagen production increases and elastin content decreases, leading to an increase in overall arterial stiffness (Gu et al ., 2014a; Kohn and Lampi et al ., 2015; Zieman et al ., 2005). Exercise has the opposite effect on arterial composition, resulting in more compliant vessels (Gu et al ., 2014a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As arteries age, collagen production increases and elastin content decreases, leading to an increase in overall arterial stiffness (Gu et al ., 2014a; Kohn and Lampi et al ., 2015; Zieman et al ., 2005). Exercise has the opposite effect on arterial composition, resulting in more compliant vessels (Gu et al ., 2014a). Increased stiffness in arteries from aged mice is also likely partly due to the increased presence of ECM cross-linkers such as AGEs (Fleenor et al ., 2012), which are mitigated with exercise (Gu et al ., 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that they are due to increased collagen aggregation (Greenberg, 1986; Keyes et al ., 2011) and/or changes in collagen cross-linking. While artery fiber composition has been studied in relation to age and exercise (Avolio et al ., 1998; Gu et al ., 2014a; Schlatmann and Becker, 1977), less is known about specific micro-scale changes in the subendothelial matrix at the scale at which AFM is detecting. Further studies are required to determine the specific physical and biochemical changes which cause the increase in heterogeneity we report here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard clinical methodology to measure vessel stiffness and predict CVD is pulse wave velocity (PWV) testing, which is typically performed using ultrasound (Kohn and Lampi et al ., 2015; Laurent et al , 2006; Mitchell et al , 2010; Van Bortel et al , 2012). PWV values have been shown to increase with age and decrease with exercise (Di Lascio et al , 2014; Gu et al , 2014a; Steppan et al , 2014). However, while PWV is important in the prediction of the development of CVD, it is an indirect measure of bulk vessel stiffness and many studies attribute bulk mechanical properties to the medial layer (Kohn and Lampi et al ., 2015; Shadwick, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical heterogeneities in the subendothelial matrix develop with age and decrease with exercise

Kohn

Chen

Cheng

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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Arterial stiffening occurs with age and is associated with lack of exercise. Notably both age and lack of exercise are major cardiovascular risk factors. While it is well established that bulk arterial stiffness increases with age, more recent data suggest that the intima, the innermost arterial layer, also stiffens during aging. Micro-scale mechanical characterization of individual layers is important because cells primarily sense the matrix that they are in contact with and not necessarily the bulk stiffness of the vessel wall. To investigate the relationship between age, exercise, and subendothelial matrix stiffening, atomic force microscopy was utilized here to indent the subendothelial matrix of the thoracic aorta from young, aged-sedentary, and aged-exercised mice, and elastic modulus values were compared to conventional pulse wave velocity measurements. The subendothelial matrix elastic modulus was elevated in aged-sedentary mice compared to young or aged-exercised mice, and the macro-scale stiffness of the artery was found to linearly correlate with the subendothelial matrix elastic modulus. Notably, we also found that with age, there exists an increase in the point-to-point variations in modulus across the subendothelial matrix, indicating non-uniform stiffening. Importantly, this heterogeneity is reversible with exercise. Given that vessel stiffening is known to cause aberrant endothelial cell behavior, and the spatial heterogeneities we find exist on a length scale much smaller than the size of a cell, these data suggest that further investigation in the heterogeneity of the subendothelial matrix elastic modulus is necessary to fully understand the effects of physiological matrix stiffening on cell function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanical heterogeneities in the subendothelial matrix develop with age and decrease with exercise

Kohn

Chen

Cheng

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Furthermore, regular exercise training improves vascular functions by reducing reactive oxygen species (67). Exercise training results in an increased antioxidant activity (68,69). Similar to exercise, RES increases the expression of these antioxidant enzymes in endothelial (70,71) and smooth muscle (69) cells.…”

Section: Antioxidant Effect Of Res In Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol and exercise

2016

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Abstract. Although it is recommended for a healthy lifestyle, moderate exercise is known to lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle injury. Hence there are efforts to develop dietary strategies to counter the oxidative stress caused by physical activity. Recently, there has been an interest in the capability of resveratrol (RES) to modulate physical performance and prevent oxidative stress. Despite the inconsistency among reports regarding the topic, it has been suggested that RES delays fatigue by hindering lipid peroxidation. It is hypothesized that RES administration produces favorable effects on hepatic cell rejuvenation, exerts a regulatory effect on glucose metabolism, and preserves liver glycogen reserves that are diminished during physical activity. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the association between RES and exercise. The aim of the current review is to interpret the association between RES and exercise.

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Glycine and N‐acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial

Kumar

Hsu

et al. 2021

Clinical & Translational Med

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This study found that compared to healthy young adults, older humans have severely elevated oxidative stress, glutathione deficiency, impaired mitochondrial function, increased inflammation, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, and lower muscle strength and mental cognition. We tested and found that supplementing GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine) improved all these defects, and that stopping GlyNAC resulted in a loss of benefits. The results of this trial suggests that GlyNAC supplementation could be a simple, safe and effective nutritional strategy to boost cellular defenses to protect against oxidative stress, correct mitochondrial defects to improve energy availability, increase muscle strength and cognition, and thereby promote healthy aging in humans.

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Chronic aerobic exercise training attenuates aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction through preserving aortic mitochondrial function in aged rats

Cited by 56 publications

References 55 publications

Mechanical heterogeneities in the subendothelial matrix develop with age and decrease with exercise

Mechanical heterogeneities in the subendothelial matrix develop with age and decrease with exercise

Resveratrol and exercise

Glycine and N‐acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial

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