Chronic acquired ocular torticollis: A diagnostic dilemma

Singh, Anirudh; Parihar, Jitendra Kumar Singh; Maggon, Rakesh; Kumar, Santosh; Mishra, SanjayK; Badhani, Anurag

doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2015.08.002

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“… Congenital nonocular AHP starts in the first 6 months, and it can even manifest itself in the 1 st week of life, 31 whereas ocular AHP usually develops after 18 months of age 32 It is impossible or difficult to return the head to the normal position in congenital nonocular AHP, 33 34 whereas the head often returns easily to its normal position passively or voluntarily in ocular AHP 32 On neck examination, muscle palpation shows stiffness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital nonocular AHT while palpation is unremarkable in ocular AHP 35 36 Vision is often normal and is not affected in patients with congenital nonocular AHP, whereas in patients with ocular AHP, the strabismus angle increases when the head is straightened with force or the head is positioned in the opposite direction to the habitual AHP, and moreover, diplopia may also occur in acquired cases 37 Monocular patching does not change the head position in congenital nonocular AHP while patching the paretic eye corrects the head position in ocular AHP (in acquired and recent-onset cases). 38 …”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular abnormal head posture: A literature review

et al. 2021

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Purpose: To provide a comprehensive review on different characteristics of abnormal head postures (AHPs) due to different ocular causes, its measurement, and its effect on facial appearance. Methods: In this review article, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were searched for the scientific articles and books published between 1975 and September 2020 based on the keywords of this article. The selected articles were collected, summarized, classified, evaluated, and finally concluded. Results: AHP can be caused by various ocular or nonocular diseases. The prevalence of ocular causes of AHP was reported to be 18%–25%. 1.1% of patients presenting to ophthalmology clinics has AHP. The first step in evaluating a patient with AHP is a correct differential diagnosis between nonocular and ocular sources by performing comprehensive eye examinations and ruling out other causes of orthopedic and neurological AHP. Ocular AHP occurs for a variety of reasons, the most important of which include nystagmus, superior oblique palsy, and Duane's retraction syndrome. AHP may be an essential clinical sign for an underlying disease, which can only be appropriately treated by the accurate determination of the cause. Long-standing AHP may lead to facial asymmetry and secondary muscular and skeletal changes. Conclusion: In conclusion, a proper differential diagnosis between nonocular and ocular causes, knowledge of the different forms of AHP and their measurement methods, accurate diagnosis of the cause, and proper and timely treatment of ocular AHP can prevent facial asymmetry and secondary muscular and skeletal changes in the patients.

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Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vision is often normal and is not affected in patients with congenital nonocular AHP, whereas in patients with ocular AHP, the strabismus angle increases when the head is straightened with force or the head is positioned in the opposite direction to the habitual AHP, and moreover, diplopia may also occur in acquired cases 37 …”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%