Chronic absence of baroreceptor inputs prevents training‐induced cardiovascular adjustments in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Ceroni, Alexandre; Chaar, Laiali Jurdi El; Bombein, Rafael L.; Michelini, Lisete Compagno

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2008.046128

Cited by 77 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We have demonstrated that male SHR submitted to 3 months of low-intensity aerobic training during the established phase of hypertension exhibited an 8-10% fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP, Figure 1) (22,23,25,33,34,(36)(37)(38). These results agree with those reported by other authors who have evaluated the effects of exercise training in hypertensive humans (40,41,46,47) and animals (2,39).…”

Section: Effects Of Training On Blood Pressure Levelssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In addition to a pressure fall, a heart rate reduction is also present in male and female SHR, in other animal models as well as in human hypertension (2,3,5,25,26,34,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). Indeed, resting bradycardia is an important marker of exercise training.…”

Section: Effects Of Training On Blood Pressure Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerobic training is currently recommended as a potent coadjuvant of the pharmacological treatment of hypertension, mainly because it attenuates (but does not normalize) resting blood pressure in hypertensive animals (2,22,23,25,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) and humans (40,41).…”

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Training-induced Hemodynamic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fall in blood pressure was shown to be associated with several factors such as decreased vasomotor sympathetic activity (9,38), reduced insulin resistance (42), decreased plasma volume and smaller cardiac output (35), small vascular reactivity (43), reduced total peripheral resistance (22,25), decreased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, and reduced oxidative stress (34,44). It has also been shown that an exercise-induced fall in pressure was associated with an altered balance between relaxing and contractile endothelium-derived factors, causing an improvement of endothelial function (32) and induction of anti-apoptotic genes (45).…”

Section: Effects Of Training On Blood Pressure Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Amaral

Michelini

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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There is accumulating evidence that physical inactivity, associated with the modern sedentary lifestyle, is a major determinant of hypertension. It represents the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both men and women. In addition to involving sympathetic overactivity that alters hemodynamic parameters, hypertension is accompanied by several abnormalities in the skeletal muscle circulation including vessel rarefaction and increased arteriole wall-to-lumen ratio, which contribute to increased total peripheral resistance. Low-intensity aerobic training is a promising tool for the prevention, treatment and control of high blood pressure, but its efficacy may differ between men and women and between male and female animals. This review focuses on peripheral training-induced adaptations that contribute to a blood pressure-lowering effect, with special attention to differential responses in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Heart, diaphragm and skeletal muscle arterioles (but not kidney arterioles) undergo eutrophic outward remodeling in trained male SHR, which contributed to a reduction of peripheral resistance and to a pressure fall. In contrast, trained female SHR showed no change in arteriole wall-to-lumen ratio and no pressure fall. On the other hand, training-induced adaptive changes in capillaries and venules (increased density) were similar in male and female SHR, supporting a similar hyperemic response to exercise.

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Section: Effects Of Training On Blood Pressure Levelssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Effects Of Training On Blood Pressure Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Training-induced Hemodynamic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Training On Blood Pressure Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Amaral

Michelini

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…These findings suggest that the running training reduced both the stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the sensitivity of resistance vessels to the secreted NE, leading to the observed decrease in the stress-induced BP response. It has been reported that the operation of the baroreceptor reflex is improved after chronic exercise in SHR 20,21) , which could lead to a decrease in BP. This seems a likely scenario since in our hands, the BP response to stress was decreased in the trained SHR, while the stress-induced HR response underwent no training-related alteration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Running training attenuates blood pressure and norepinephrine responses to immobilization stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Miyoshi

Watanabe

2013

JPFSM

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We investigated the effects of 4 weeks of running training on the progressive changes in resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) that occurred during that period, as well as on the increases in cardiovascular variables and catecholamine levels induced by a novel stress (immobilization stress) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In addition, rat sensitivity to exogenously infused norepinephrine (NE) was investigated by measuring the induced pressor response. BP was measured by a tail-cuff method (without heating), which is reportedly both sensitive and accurate for noninvasive measurement of BP in conscious rats. Increases in resting systolic BP over the 4-week period were significantly smaller in the trained SHR than in the untrained SHR, but the training had no effect on the changes in resting BP seen in WKY. After the 4-week running training, BP and NE responses to immobilization stress were reduced in the SHR, as was the increase in BP induced by intravenous (IV) infusion of NE. In the WKY, however, neither the BP response to the stress nor that to the IV infusion of NE was changed by running training. These results suggest 1) that such training was beneficial in the SHR, and 2) that the immobilization stressinduced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (as evidenced by the increase in plasma NE) and the sensitivity to NE (as evidenced by the increase in BP induced by exogenous NE) were each attenuated after the 4-week running training in the SHR, with a consequent reduction in the BP response to a novel stress.

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Endocrine‐Autonomic Linkages

Sladek

Michelini

Stachenfeld

et al. 2015

Comprehensive Physiology

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Interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system is critical for maintenance of homeostasis in a wide variety of physiological parameters such as body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, and blood pressure and volume. The anatomical and physiological mechanisms underlying integration of the neuroendocrine and autonomic mechanisms responsible for eliciting integrated autonomic and neuroendocrine actions are the focus of this article. This includes a focus on the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, because it includes both neuroendocrine neurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons that regulate sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow. The "wired" and "nonwired" mechanisms within PVN that facilitate communication between these neuronal populations are described. The impact of peripheral hormones, specifically the adrenal and gonadal steroids, on the neuroendocrine and autonomic systems is discussed, and exercise is used as a specific example of a physiological challenge/stress that requires precise integration of neuroendocrine and autonomic responses to maintain cardiovascular, fluid, and energy homeostasis.

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Chronic absence of baroreceptor inputs prevents training‐induced cardiovascular adjustments in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Cited by 77 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Running training attenuates blood pressure and norepinephrine responses to immobilization stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Endocrine‐Autonomic Linkages

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