Chromosomenzahlen Finnlän-Discher Lepidopteren

Federley, Harry

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1938.tb03219.x

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The final assembly of the nuclear genome comprises 49,851 contigs (N50=13 kb) and 8,262 scaffolds (N50=119 kb), with an overall coverage of 95 × (Supplementary Figs 4–6; Supplementary Tables 1 and 3). A linkage map based on 40,718 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)26 assigned 3,507 scaffolds (318 Mb) to 31 linkage groups, matching the 31 chromosomes reported for this species in a cytogenetic study28 (Supplementary Table 6; Supplementary Note 5). For subsequent superscaffolding, we applied an in-house method utilizing the linkage map, long MP data and PacBio reads.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera

et al. 2014

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Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393 Mb) of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Nymphalidae), a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, which has the putative ancestral karyotype of n ¼ 31. Using a phylogenetic analyses of Nymphalidae and of other Lepidoptera, combined with orthologue-level comparisons of chromosomes, we conclude that the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype has been n ¼ 31 for at least 140 My. We show that fusion chromosomes have retained the ancestral chromosome segments and very few rearrangements have occurred across the fusion sites. The same, shortest ancestral chromosomes have independently participated in fusion events in species with smaller karyotypes. The short chromosomes have higher rearrangement rate than long ones. These characteristics highlight distinctive features of the evolutionary dynamics of butterflies and moths.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera

et al. 2014

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“…The name Ochlodes venatus was long used for the Ochlodes species of Europe, but it actually refers to its Far Eastern sister species, and the European taxon is now called Ochlodes sylvanus (Esper, 1777) ( ICZN 2000 ). Both European and Far Eastern species have the same chromosome number n=29 ( Federley 1938 , Lorković 1941 , Abe et al 2006 ), not n=13 as indicated by Bigger (1960) . Thus, the species name used by Bigger (1960) was probably misidentification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome number evolution in skippers (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)

Lukhtanov¹

2014

CCG

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Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), as many other groups of animals and plants, simultaneously represent preservation of ancestral karyotype in the majority of families with a high degree of chromosome number instability in numerous independently evolved phylogenetic lineages. However, the pattern and trends of karyotype evolution in some Lepidoptera families are poorly studied. Here I provide a survey of chromosome numbers in skippers (family Hesperiidae) based on intensive search and analysis of published data. I demonstrate that the majority of skippers preserve the haploid chromosome number n=31 that seems to be an ancestral number for the Hesperiidae and the order Lepidoptera at whole. However, in the tribe Baorini the derived number n=16 is the most typical state which can be used as a (syn)apomorphic character in further phylogenetic investigations. Several groups of skippers display extreme chromosome number variations on within-species (e.g. the representatives of the genus Carcharodus Hübner, [1819]) and between-species (e.g. the genus Agathymus Freeman, 1959) levels. Thus, these groups can be used as model systems for future analysis of the phenomenon of chromosome instability. Interspecific chromosomal differences are also shown to be useful for discovering and describing new cryptic species of Hesperiidae representing in such a way a powerful tool in biodiversity research. Generally, the skipper butterflies promise to be an exciting group that will significantly contribute to the growing knowledge of patterns and processes of chromosome evolution.

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“…The representatives of basal clades (see phylogeny in Leneveu et al 2009), the taxa of Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758), Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1989), Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775), Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) species groups demonstrate n=30-31 (Federley 1938, de Lesse 1960, Robinson 1971, Larsen 1975, Hesselbarth et al 1995). These haploid numbers are modal ones not only for Melitaea , but also for the family Nymphalidae and for the order Lepidoptera in whole (Robinson 1971, Lukhtanov 2000, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal and mitochondrial diversity in Melitaea didyma complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): eleven deeply diverged DNA barcode groups in one non-monophyletic species?

Pazhenkova¹,

Lukhtanov²

2016

CCG

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It is generally accepted that cases of species’ polyphyly in COI trees arising as a result of deep intraspecific divergence are negligible, and the detected cases reflect misidentifications or/and methodological errors. Here we studied the problem of species’ non-monophyly through chromosomal and molecular analysis of butterfly taxa close to Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1779) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). We found absence or low interspecific chromosome number variation and presence of intraspecific variation, therefore we conclude that in this group, chromosome numbers have relatively low value as taxonomic markers. Despite low karyotype variability, the group was found to have unexpectedly high mitochondrial haplotype diversity. These haplotypes were clustered in 23 highly diverged haplogroups. Twelve of these haplogroups are associated with nine traditionally recognized and morphologically distinct species Melitaea chitralensis Moore, 1901, Melitaea deserticola Oberthür, 1909, Melitaea didymoides Eversmann, 1847, Melitaea gina Higgins, 1941, Melitaea interrupta Colenati, 1846, Melitaea latonigena Eversmann, 1847, Melitaea mixta Evans, 1912, Melitaea saxatilis Christoph, 1873 and Melitaea sutschana Staudinger, 1892. The rest of the haplogroups (11 lineages) belong to a well-known west-palaearctic species Melitaea didyma. The last species is particularly unusual in the haplotypes we obtained. First, it is clearly polyphyletic with respect to COI gene. Second, the differentiation in COI gene between these mostly allopatric (but in few cases sympatric) eleven lineages is extremely high (up to 7.4%), i.e. much deeper than the “standard” DNA barcode species threshold (2.7–3%). This level of divergence normally could correspond not even to different species, but to different genera. Despite this divergence, the bearers of these haplogroups were found to be morphologically indistinguishable and, most importantly, to share absolutely the same ecological niches, i.e. demonstrating the pattern which is hardly compatible with hypothesis of multiple cryptic species. Most likely such a profound irregularity in barcodes is caused by reasons other than speciation and represents an extraordinary example of intra-species barcode variability. Given the deep level of genetic differentiation between the lineages, we assume that there was a long period (up to 5.0 My) of allopatric differentiation when the lineages were separated by geographic or/and ecological barriers and evolved in late Pliocene and Pleistocene refugia of north Africa, the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, the Middle East and Central Asia. We discuss the refugia-within-refugia concept as a mechanism explaining the presence of additional diverged minor haplogroups within the areas of the major haplogroups. We also provide the first record of Melitaea gina in Azerbaijan and the record of Melitaea didyma turkestanica as a new taxon for Russia and Europe.

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Chromosomenzahlen Finnlän-Discher Lepidopteren

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera

The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera

Chromosome number evolution in skippers (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)

Chromosomal and mitochondrial diversity in Melitaea didyma complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): eleven deeply diverged DNA barcode groups in one non-monophyletic species?

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