Chromosome studies on Carex paleacea Wahl., C. nigra (L.) Reichard, and C. aquatilis Wahl. in Northeastern North America.

Cayouette, Jacques; Morisset, Pierre

doi:10.1508/cytologia.51.857

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…First, although high species diversification in this group has engendered wide morphological variation, weak taxonomic boundaries have strongly complicated species discrimination. Second, hybridization phenomena, including hybrid‐origin species, have obscured species delimitation in this section (Chater, 1980; Cayouette and Morisset, 1986; Egorova, 1999; Nakamatte and Lye, 2007; Dragon and Barrington, 2008). In the Iberian Peninsula, the so‐called river‐shore Carex group comprises a set of large, tussock‐forming, helophytic sedges, which grow in aquatic habitats with apparently minor differences in ecological preferences (Table 1).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Main Taxonomic Treatments Of The Ibero‐normentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic delimitation and drivers of speciation in the Ibero‐North African Carex sect. Phacocystis river‐shore group (Cyperaceae)

Jiménez‐Mejías

Guerra-Cárdenas

Lye

et al. 2011

American J of Botany

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Despite apparent morphological and ecological similarities, C. elata and C. reuteriana have disparate genetic structures and evolutionary histories, which may have originated from small ecological differences. Carex elata is broadly distributed throughout Europe, and its northern populations were recently founded, probably after the last glacial maximum. In contrast, C. reuteriana is an Ibero-North African endemic, with long-standing populations affected by isolation and limited gene flow. It is likely that high-density blocking effects and different gene-flow barriers act together to delimit its distribution and promote its relatively high population differentiation.

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Section: Comparison Of the Main Taxonomic Treatments Of The Ibero‐normentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic delimitation and drivers of speciation in the Ibero‐North African Carex sect. Phacocystis river‐shore group (Cyperaceae)

Jiménez‐Mejías

Guerra-Cárdenas

Lye

et al. 2011

American J of Botany

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“…Our results suggest that the trans-Atlantic distribution pattern of C. nigra can be explained by recent cross-oceanic dispersal from Europe to North America, probably occurring more than once. Carex nigra is found in the New World along the north-eastern Atlantic coast, from Greenland south to New York, where it is generally considered native (Cayouette & Morisset, 1986;Standley et al, 2002). The North American populations included in our analyses were very similar to the European ones, but shared much of the European variation, suggesting multiple colonizations ( Fig.…”

Section: Phylogeography Of Carex Nigramentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically diverse but with surprisingly little geographical structure: the complex history of the widespread herb Carex nigra (Cyperaceae)

Jiménez‐Mejías

Luceño

Lye

et al. 2012

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Based on extensive range‐wide sampling, we address the phylogeographical history of one of the most widespread and taxonomically complex sedges in Europe, Carex nigra s. lat. We compare the genetic structure of the recently colonized northern areas (front edge) and the long‐standing southern areas (rear edge), and assess the potential genetic basis of suggested taxonomic divisions at the rank of species and below. Location Amphi‐Atlantic, central and northern Europe, circum‐Mediterranean mountain ranges, central Siberia, Himalayas. Methods A total of 469 individuals sampled from 83 populations, covering most of the species’ range, were analysed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers. Bayesian clustering, principal coordinates analysis, and estimates of diversity and differentiation were used for the analysis of AFLP data. CpDNA data were analysed with statistical parsimony networks and maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Results Overall genetic diversity was high, but differentiation among populations was limited. Major glacial refugia were inferred in the Mediterranean Basin and in western Russia; in addition, there may have been minor refugia in the North Atlantic region. In the southern part of the range, we found high levels, but geographically quite poorly structured genetic diversity, whereas the levels of genetic diversity varied among different areas in the north. North American populations were genetically very similar to the European populations. Main conclusions The data are consistent with extensive gene flow, which has obscured the recent history of the taxon. The limited differentiation in the south probably results from the mixing of lineages expanding from several local refugia. Northward post‐glacial colonization resulted in a leading‐edge pattern of low diversity in the Netherlands, Belgium, Scotland and Iceland, whereas the observed high diversity levels in Fennoscandia suggest broad‐fronted colonization from the south as well as from the east. The patterns found in the American populations are consistent with post‐glacial colonization, possibly even with anthropogenic introduction from Europe. Our data also suggest that the tussock‐forming populations of C. nigra, often referred to as a distinct species (Carex juncella), represent an ecotype that has originated repeatedly from different populations with creeping rhizomes.

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“…In addition, some species show a correlation between distribution at certain latitudes and the chromosome count variation [17,59,63]. However, the latitude-chromosome number correlation is not direct, and there is no pattern indicating an increase or a reduction in the chromosome number with latitude [62,64]. As we were comparing the chromosome numbers between sedges collected in Armenia and Poland (C. hartmaniorum) as well as in Armenia and the Czech Republic (C. secalina), we found no betweenpopulations differences.…”

Section: Chromosome Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome numbers of Carex (Cyperaceae) and their taxonomic implications

2020

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Counting chromosomes is the first step towards a better understanding of the karyotype evolution and the role of chromosome evolution in species diversification within Carex; however, the chromosome count is not known yet for numerous sedges. In this paper chromosome counts were performed for 23 Carex taxa from Armenia, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Poland. Chromosome numbers were determined for the first time in three species (Carex cilicica, 2n = 54; C. phyllostachys, 2n = 56; C. randalpina, 2n = 78), two subspecies (C. muricata subsp. ashokae, 2n = 58; C. nigra subsp. transcaucasica, 2n = 84) and two hybrids (C. ×decolorans, 2n = 74; C. ×walasii, 2n = 108). Among the taxa whose number of chromosomes had been known before, the largest difference was found in C. hartmaniorum (here 2n = 52) and C. aterrima subsp. medwedewii (here 2n = 52). A difference in the chromosome count was demonstrated for C. cilicica (2n = 54) versus the species of the section Aulocystis (2n = 30 to 40) and for C. tomentosa (2n = 48) versus the species of the section Acrocystis (2n = 18 to 38). The results of this study indicate that the position of C. cilicica in Aulocystis section may raise doubts. Attention was paid to the relationship between C. phyllostachys and taxa of the subgenus Carex section Gynobasidae.

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Chromosome studies on Carex paleacea Wahl., C. nigra (L.) Reichard, and C. aquatilis Wahl. in Northeastern North America.

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Taxonomic delimitation and drivers of speciation in the Ibero‐North African Carex sect. Phacocystis river‐shore group (Cyperaceae)

Taxonomic delimitation and drivers of speciation in the Ibero‐North African Carex sect. Phacocystis river‐shore group (Cyperaceae)

Genetically diverse but with surprisingly little geographical structure: the complex history of the widespread herb Carex nigra (Cyperaceae)

Chromosome numbers of Carex (Cyperaceae) and their taxonomic implications

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