Chromosome Studies in Cyperaceae Iii-Iv

Heilborn, Otto

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1939.tb02696.x

Cited by 36 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Multiple origins from the same diploid progenitor species have been reported for bryophytes (Wyatt et al ., ), ferns (Ranker et al ., ) and angiosperms (Brochmann, Soltis & Soltis, ; Parisod & Besnard, ; Wu et al ., ), which have continuously increased intra‐autopolyploid diversity by introducing new maternal lineages (Soltis & Soltis, ). Therefore, even if we rejected an allopolyploid origin for K. pygmaea following Heilborn (), multiple origins from the same diploid ancestor or introgression from other species potentially played a role in the diversification history of K. pygmaea , and possibly in the entire genus (Waterway, ; Zhang, ; Yano et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic chromosome numbers of the genus remain under debate, with estimates ranging from dibasic with x = 26 and 36, to tribasic with values of x = 8, 9 and 13 (Darlington & Wylie, ; Mehra & Sachdeva, ). No study has yet specifically examined the origin of ploidy in Kobresia , but studies in the closely related Carex L. revealed that autopolyploidy rather than allopolyploidy dominates (Heilborn, ). This is also regarded as the predominant mechanism across Cyperaceae as a consequence of the peculiar pollen formation in the family (Heilborn, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No study has yet specifically examined the origin of ploidy in Kobresia , but studies in the closely related Carex L. revealed that autopolyploidy rather than allopolyploidy dominates (Heilborn, ). This is also regarded as the predominant mechanism across Cyperaceae as a consequence of the peculiar pollen formation in the family (Heilborn, ). One exception based on chromosome counts is a possible allopolyploid origin for K. nepalensis from ancestors such as K. myosuroides (Vill.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ploidy in the alpine sedgeKobresia pygmaea(Cyperaceae) and related species: combined application of chromosome counts, new microsatellite markers and flow cytometry

et al. 2014

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Polyploidy is a fundamental mechanism in evolution, but is hard to detect in taxa with agmatoploidy or aneuploidy. We tested whether a combination of chromosome counting, microsatellite analyses and flow cytometric measurements represents a suitable approach for the detection of basic chromosome numbers and ploidy in Kobresia (Cyperaceae). Chromosome counting resulted in 2n = 64 for Kobresia pygmaea and K. cercostachys, 2n = 58 and 64 for K. myosuroides, and 2n = 72 for K. simpliciuscula. We characterized eight microsatellite loci for K. pygmaea, which gave a maximum of four alleles per individual. Cross-species amplification was tested in 26 congeneric species and, on average, six of eight loci amplified successfully. Using flow cytometry, we confirmed tetraploidy in K. pygmaea. Basic chromosome numbers and ploidy were inferred from chromosome counts and the maximum number of alleles per locus. We consider the basic numbers as x = 16 and 18, with irregularities derived from agmatoploidy and aneuploidy. Across all Kobresia taxa, ploidy ranged from diploid up to heptaploid. The combination of chromosome counts and microsatellite analyses is an ideal method for the determination of basic chromosome numbers and for inferring ploidy, and flow cytometry is a suitable tool for the identification of deviating cytotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ploidy in the alpine sedgeKobresia pygmaea(Cyperaceae) and related species: combined application of chromosome counts, new microsatellite markers and flow cytometry

et al. 2014

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“…Taking into account the difficulties in determining the chromosome number, the comparison of our results with the literature data [2,18,36,52] indicates that a relatively stable chromosome number can be regarded as most likely in C. curvata (2n = 58), C. secalina (2n = 50), C. songorica (2n = 82), C. supina (2n = 38), C. repens (2n = 70), and C. tomentosa (2n = 48).…”

Section: Chromosome Numbersmentioning

confidence: 82%

Chromosome numbers of Carex (Cyperaceae) and their taxonomic implications

2020

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Counting chromosomes is the first step towards a better understanding of the karyotype evolution and the role of chromosome evolution in species diversification within Carex; however, the chromosome count is not known yet for numerous sedges. In this paper chromosome counts were performed for 23 Carex taxa from Armenia, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Poland. Chromosome numbers were determined for the first time in three species (Carex cilicica, 2n = 54; C. phyllostachys, 2n = 56; C. randalpina, 2n = 78), two subspecies (C. muricata subsp. ashokae, 2n = 58; C. nigra subsp. transcaucasica, 2n = 84) and two hybrids (C. ×decolorans, 2n = 74; C. ×walasii, 2n = 108). Among the taxa whose number of chromosomes had been known before, the largest difference was found in C. hartmaniorum (here 2n = 52) and C. aterrima subsp. medwedewii (here 2n = 52). A difference in the chromosome count was demonstrated for C. cilicica (2n = 54) versus the species of the section Aulocystis (2n = 30 to 40) and for C. tomentosa (2n = 48) versus the species of the section Acrocystis (2n = 18 to 38). The results of this study indicate that the position of C. cilicica in Aulocystis section may raise doubts. Attention was paid to the relationship between C. phyllostachys and taxa of the subgenus Carex section Gynobasidae.

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Karyology and hydridization in the Carex flava complex in Switzerland

Schmid

1982

Feddes Repertorium

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The karyology of Carex flava aggregate in Switzerland was investigated. Fertility was measured and crossings were done. The microsporogenesis is described. In Switzerland, the C. flava group consists of C. flava var. flava (n = 30, 31), C. flava var. alpina (n = 30, 31), C. lepidocarpa (n = 34), C. demissa (n = 34, 35), and C. serotina (n = 34, 35, 36). The three species with high chromosome numbers often grow together with C. flava. Accordingly, F1‐hybrids with this parental species are frequent. Their meiosis and fertility are profoundly disturbed. With artificial hybrids, disturbances decrease as the differences in chromosome numbers of the parents decrease. Backcrossings with the parents over many generations lead to forms identical in morphology and fertility to the pure species, which are called stabilized cryptic backcrosses. The extensive genetic and karyotype‐variability within populations, particularly of C. flava, might be due to this introgression. In other parts of Europe (e.g. Britain) hybrids with C. flava as one parent are rare. As a consequence, introgression plays a little role and karyotypes are stable. Karyotype evolution in C. flava group is quite different from karyotype evolution in other Carex species. This is due to differences in life history tactics.

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Chromosome Studies in Cyperaceae Iii-Iv

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Ploidy in the alpine sedgeKobresia pygmaea(Cyperaceae) and related species: combined application of chromosome counts, new microsatellite markers and flow cytometry

Ploidy in the alpine sedgeKobresia pygmaea(Cyperaceae) and related species: combined application of chromosome counts, new microsatellite markers and flow cytometry

Chromosome numbers of Carex (Cyperaceae) and their taxonomic implications

Karyology and hydridization in the Carex flava complex in Switzerland

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