Chromosome Shaping by Two Condensins

Hirano, Takeshi

doi:10.4161/cc.3.1.633

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Second, the uncovered degree of flexibility in the chromosomal location requirements for condensin binding may indicate that the fixed chromosomal position of these sites is not essential for overall chromosome condensation. This is consistent with the in vitro assay (Hirano, 2004;Losada and Hirano, 2005) showing that topological changes introduced into DNA molecule locally (at the condensin binding site) are then translated (via compensatory supercoiling) into whole-molecule topological changes. Third, the substantial relief of the essential condensin function in the segregation of rDNA (Wang et al, 2006) and the discovered here formation of an altered binding pattern across chromosomes, yet more reproducible and robust than in wild type, both make ErDNA cells an attractive experimental model with better approximation for condensin biology in higher eukaryotes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcriptional homogenization of rDNA repeats in the episome-based nucleolus induces genome-wide changes in the chromosomal distribution of condensin

Wang

Strunnikov

2008

Plasmid

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Condensin activity establishes and maintains mitotic chromosome condensation, however the mechanisms of condensin recognition of specific chromosomal sites remain unknown. rDNA is the chief condensin binding locus in S. cerevisiae, and the level of nucleolar transcription is one of the key factors determining condensin loading to the nucleolar organizer. A new aspect of this transcriptional control is demonstrated in cells with a diffuse (episomal) nucleolar organizer, where active transcription excludes condensin from the transcribed regions of rDNA. Genome-wide ChIPchip analysis showed that these cells acquire an altered and a more robust pattern of chromosomal condensin distribution, with increased enrichment of wild-type hotspots and with emergence of new sites, most notably in the subtelomeric regions. This genome-wide condensin relocalization induced by the increase in rDNA transcription and, possibly, nucleolar architecture uncovers a novel potential role of the nucleolus in the general chromosome organization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcriptional homogenization of rDNA repeats in the episome-based nucleolus induces genome-wide changes in the chromosomal distribution of condensin

Wang

Strunnikov

2008

Plasmid

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“…We have also addressed how Aurora B might mediate the dissociation of cohesin from chromosome arms. al., 2004;Yeong et al, 2003). Both condensin I and II are essential for proper chromosome segregation during anaphase (Gerlich et al, 2006;Hagstrom and Meyer, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aurora B controls the association of condensin I but not condensin II with mitotic chromosomes

Lipp

Hirota

Poser

et al. 2007

Journal of Cell Science

138

130

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The assembly of mitotic chromosomes is controlled by condensin complexes. In vertebrates, condensin I binds to chromatin in prometaphase, confers rigidity to chromosomes and enables the release of cohesin complexes from chromosome arms, whereas condensin II associates with chromosomes in prophase and promotes their condensation. Both complexes are essential for chromosome segregation in anaphase. Although the association of condensins with chromatin is important for the assembly and segregation of mitotic chromosomes, it is poorly understood how this process is controlled. Here we show that the mitotic kinase Aurora B regulates the association of condensin I, but not the interaction of condensin II with chromatin. Quantitative time-lapse imaging of cells expressing GFP-tagged condensin subunits revealed that Aurora B is required for efficient loading of condensin I onto chromosomes in prometaphase and for maintenance of the complex on chromosomes in later stages of mitosis. The three non-SMC subunits of condensin I are Aurora B substrates in vitro and their mitosis-specific phosphorylation depends on Aurora B in vivo. Our data indicate that Aurora B contributes to chromosome rigidity and segregation by promoting the binding of condensin I to chromatin. We have also addressed how Aurora B might mediate the dissociation of cohesin from chromosome arms.

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“…2,5 Budding yeast also lack condensin paralogues that form an alternative condensin complex in vertebrates. 6 Thus, condensin function in S. cerevisiae is more transparent to molecular analysis, especially taking into account the relative simplicity of yeast genome organization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cdc14p/FEAR Pathway Controls Segregation of Nucleolus inS. cerevisiaeby Facilitating Condensin Targeting to rDNA Chromatin in Anaphase

Yong-Gonzalez²,

2004

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The condensin complex is the chief molecular machine of mitotic chromosome condensation. Nucleolar concentration of condensin in mitosis was previously shown to correlate with proficiency of rDNA condensation and segregation. To uncover the mechanisms facilitating this targeting we conducted a screen for mutants that impair mitotic condensin congression to the nucleolus. Mutants in the cdc14, esp1 and cdc5 genes, which encode FEAR-network components, showed the most prominent defects in mitotic condensin localization. We established that Cdc14p activity released by the FEAR pathway was required for proper condensin-to-rDNA targeting in anaphase. The MEN pathway was dispensable for condensin-to-rDNA targeting, however MEN-mediated release of Cdc14p later in anaphase allowed for proper, albeit delayed, condensin targeting to rDNA and successful segregation of nucleolus in the slk19 FEAR mutant. Although condensin was physically dislodged from rDNA in the cdc14 mutant, it was properly assembled, phosphorylated and chromatin-bound, suggesting that condensin was mis-targeted but active. This study identifies a novel pathway promoting condensin targeting to a specific chromosomal address, the rDNA locus.

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Chromosome Shaping by Two Condensins

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Transcriptional homogenization of rDNA repeats in the episome-based nucleolus induces genome-wide changes in the chromosomal distribution of condensin

Transcriptional homogenization of rDNA repeats in the episome-based nucleolus induces genome-wide changes in the chromosomal distribution of condensin

Aurora B controls the association of condensin I but not condensin II with mitotic chromosomes

Cdc14p/FEAR Pathway Controls Segregation of Nucleolus inS. cerevisiaeby Facilitating Condensin Targeting to rDNA Chromatin in Anaphase

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