Chromosome numbers ofCostus lucanusianus (Costaceae) in Nigeria

This study estimated the fatty acid, proximate and quantitative phytochemical compositions of Costus afer matured stem collected from Choba campus of University of Port Harcourt, in Choba community, Rivers State. This was carried out using standard procedures of analysis (fatty acid and proximate) as well as gas chromatographic method (quantitative phytochemical analysis). The fatty acid analysis of the plant stem revealed high contents of linolenic acid (32.26%), linoleic acid (25.89%) and palmitic acid (25.48%) and moderate levels of oleic acid (7.11%) and stearic acid (6.36%) while myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid was low and caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, margaric acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid were absent. The results of the proximate composition of the stem of Costus afer indicated that total carbohydrate composition of Costus afer stem was the highest (54.98%) while crude fat had the lowest value of 1.15%. The moisture content had a moderate value of 22.15% while total ash (4.60%), crude protein (7.72%) and crude fibre (9.40%) values were low. The gas chromatographic analysis of the stem indicated that the total alkaloid composition was 70.59mg/100g with high compositions of papaverine (44.72%), methyl morphine (23.24%), morphine (17.92%) and narcotine (14.11%). The total flavonoids concentration was 28.29mg/100g. Myricetin (69.79%) had the highest value with moderate levels of quercetin (14.88%) and kaempferol (9.78%). The total composition of saponin was 2.87mg/100g. The sapogenin content of the stem (39.20%) was the highest with moderate levels of diosgenin (26.13%), saponine (22.12%) and tigonine (9.76%) while gitogenin value (2.28%) was observed to be low. The analysis of the plant stem showed the presence of glycosides (22.35mg/100mg) made up mainly of costugenin (65.60%), digitoxin (18.73%), digoxin (6.28%), salicin (4.76%) and low levels of ouabain (1.95%) and kaemferol-3-rhamnoside (1.08%). The study has shown that matured stems of Costus afer can contribute greatly towards meeting human nutritional requirements and suggest the possibility of its use in folklore medicine. Keywords: Costus afer, phytochemicals, proximate composition, fatty acids.

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“…The plant Costus afer is among 150 species of stout, perennial and rhizomatous herbs of the genus Costus [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Fatty Acid, Proximate and Quantitative Phytochemical Compositions of Matured Stem of Costus afer (Bush Cane).

Nwauche

Anacletus

Ighorodje-Monago

2018

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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“…Ker (family; zingiberaceae) is a tall perennial herbaceous, unbranched medicinal p lant with creeping rhizo me. It can be found in shady forest and riverbanks of Senegal, South Africa, Gu inea, Nigeria, Ghana and Cameroon [3]. The plant is co mmonly known as gingerilily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition of <i>Costus Afer</i> Extract and Its Alleviation of Carbon Tetrachloride – induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Toxicity

Chibueze¹,

Kingsley²,

Okorie³

et al. 2013

IJMB

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Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds capable of preventing and fighting o xidative related diseases. Phytochemical co mposition of costus afer ext ract and its allev iation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative stress and toxicity were evaluated. The qualitative and quantitative analyses showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenols in the aqueous stem ext ract while flavonoids, saponins and phenols were detected in the ethanol extract. The toxicological study showed serum elevation of alan ine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2.), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) and increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) expressed as melondialdehyde in the liver of the rats in responds to the oral admin istration of carbon tetrachloride. The rats fed with 400mg/ kg of extract of costus a fer showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in A LT and ALP levels close to the control than the rats fed with 200mg/kg. Though there were reduction in AST and TBARS levels close to the control than the rats fed with 200mg/kg, they were not significant (p>0.05). This indicated that biological active compounds of costus afer are more polar and could serve as source of bioactive compounds for nutrition and therapeutic purposes.

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“…Phytochemical screening was carried out on the methanolic extract of the roots of Costus lucanusianus according to the method described by Sofowora [9,10] for testing phytochemical compounds.…”

Section: Phytochemical Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemistry and Toxicity of Methanol Root Extract of Costus lucanusianus

Kagbo

Gospel

2020

JAMPS

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Costus lucanusianus (ginger lily or monkey sugarcane) is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat various ailments in tropical Africa. The leaves, stem and sometimes the root have been exploited for this purpose. However, it is a common belief in the Niger Delta of Nigeria that the root is poisonous. This study investigated the phytochemical and acute toxicity profiles of the methanol root extract of the plant. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard procedures to test for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, triterpenoids/steroids and carbohydrates. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using the Arithmetic method of Reed and Muench. This was followed by haematologic, liver and kidney functionality assays at doses of 14, 29 and 58 mg/kg of the methanol root extract. The result obtained showed that the extract contained flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and steroids among others, but anthraquinones and alkaloids were not present. The median lethal dose (LD50) value obtained for the extract was 288 mg/kg. The haematologic assay showed significant, p<0.001, dose-dependent decrease in red blood cell parameters and also some white blood cell parameters (such as white blood cell, neutrophil, monocytes and eosinophil counts). Furthermore, the serum levels of the liver enzymes, electrolytes (except K+), urea and creatinine increased significantly as the doses increased. From the foregoing, it could be concluded that the root of Costus lucanusianus is toxic to the kidney and liver and could be a blood poison (hemotoxic). This confirms the ethnobotanical belief that this part of the plant (root) is poisonous.

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Chromosome numbers ofCostus lucanusianus (Costaceae) in Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of Fatty Acid, Proximate and Quantitative Phytochemical Compositions of Matured Stem of Costus afer (Bush Cane).

Assessment of Fatty Acid, Proximate and Quantitative Phytochemical Compositions of Matured Stem of Costus afer (Bush Cane).

Phytochemical Composition of <i>Costus Afer</i> Extract and Its Alleviation of Carbon Tetrachloride – induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Toxicity

Phytochemistry and Toxicity of Methanol Root Extract of Costus lucanusianus

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