Chromosome numbers of South African grasses

Moffett, A. A.; Hurcombe, Roger

doi:10.1038/hdy.1949.27

Cited by 91 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…A third species namely, D. swazi landensis gave a new chromosome count. The earlier chromosome count known for this species was 2n= 18 (Moffett and Hurcombe 1949). The present study gave a chromosome count of 2n=54, which is a new count for this species.…”

Section: Digitaria Glauca Stentsupporting

confidence: 51%

Cytology of Some <i>Digitaria</i> Species

1974

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Digitaria Rich is an important genus of the tribe Paniceae of the family Gramineae and consists of more than 325 species distributed all over the world. Only about 60 species have been cytologically examined so far and only two recent reports on the cytological studies of the genus Digitaria are available from India (Gupta and Srivastava 1969, Mary andMalik 1971). Besides these two recent reports, scattered chromosome counts on Indian species of Digitaria are available (Nath and Swaminathan 1956, Mulay and Leelamma 1960, Sharma and Jhuri 1959. The chromosome number in the genus varies from 2n=18 to 2n=108 indicating that polyploidy has played a significant role in the evolu tion of this genus. This information suggests that there is a necessity for under taking detailed study in the genus Digitaria. Keeping this in view, a cytogenetic study in the genus was initiated in this laboratory. This report is the second in the series on the cytological studies in the genus Digitaria. Material and methodsThe following four species were used for the study in the present investigation: The seed of these four species along with that of other species was obtain ed through the courtesy of U.S. Plant Introduction Division. The seeds were sown and the plants raised in pots in Meerut University Botanical Gardens. The material for pollen mother cells squash preparations was collected from these plants and fixed in freshly prepared solution of ethyl alcohol: chloroform: acetic acid (6:3:1). Meiosis was studied within a week of fixation and the remain ing material was stored in 70%. ethyl alcohol in the refrigerator. Camera lucida drawings were made from the temporary preparations. Photomicrographs were also obtained from such temporary slides. A drop of solution of 45% acetic acid: glycerine (10:1) was allowed to pass under the cover glass in order to avoid drying.

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Section: Digitaria Glauca Stentsupporting

confidence: 51%

Cytology of Some <i>Digitaria</i> Species

1974

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“…Third, Sorghastrum trichopus of Southern and Southeastern Africa has been twice reported as having a somatic number of 2n-40 (Moffett and Hurcombe 1949;Carnahan and Hill 1961). …”

Section: Chromosome Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…incompletum 20,40 and Pohl, 1974) s. incompletum var. bipennatum 20 (Olorde, 1975) s. mlnarura 20 (Pereira 1982 and s. nudipes 20 (Davila, unpublished) s. nutans 20, 40, 80 (Church, 1929;Brown, 1950;Bowden, 1960;Carnahan and hill, 1961;Gould 1968) s. pellitum 20 (Saura, 1944;Pereira, 1982) s. rigidifolium 40,60 (Garber, 1950;Carnahan and Hill, 1961;Tateoka, 1965) s. scaberrimum 20 (Pereira, 1982) s. secundum 20 (Myers, 1947;Garber, 1950) s. setosum 20 (Saura, 1944;Carnahan and Hill, 1961;Davidse and Pohl, 1972a;Davidse and Pohl, 1974;Pereira, 1986) s. stipoides 20 (Saura, 1944;Carnahan and Hill, 1961, Pereira 1982 s. trichopus 40 (Moffett and Hurcombe, 1949;Carnahan and Hill, 1961) s. viride 20 (Pereira, 1982) These results show that the two African species have higher chromosome numbers than most of the species occurring in the New World.…”

Section: Chromosome Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andropogon has been commonly reported to show diverse somatic numbers, including commonly 2n-20, 40, 60 (Church 1940;Moffett and Hurcombe 1949;Mehra et al 1962;Tateoka 1965;Pohl and Davidse 1971;Norrmann 1985). In addition, much higher counts have been reported.…”

Section: Chromosome Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20, and 40 (Church 1929;Moffett and Hurcombe 1949;Gould 1956;Carnahan and Hill 1961). Dichanthium occurring in Africa and the Mediterranean regions, is cited as showing somatic numbers of 2n™20.…”

Section: Chromosome Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic revision of the genus Sorghastrum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae)

Dávila¹

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INFORMATION TO USERSThe most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge.

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Mode of reproduction and meiotic chromosome behavior in Acroceras macrum

et al. 2020

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Acroceras macrum Stapf is a high‐quality C3 grass species adapted to the subtropics. It is a valuable forage resource in frequently flooded environments. The objectives were to analyze the type of polyploidy, mode of reproduction, and estimate seed and pollen fertility. A living collection of 22 tetraploid and five hexaploid genotypes of A. macrum was analyzed. Type of polyploidy was analyzed from chromosomal pairing at diakinesis and prometaphase I, and meiotic irregularities were evaluated during the microsporogenesis. Pollen viability was also examined. Bivalents predominated in tetraploids and trivalents in hexaploids. Meiotic abnormalities were more frequent in hexaploids than in tetraploids, and they were mainly related to mechanisms of chromosome nondisjunction. The reproductive mode was determined by cytological analysis of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, seed fertility under different pollination methods, and molecular progeny tests. In both tetraploid and hexaploid races, only the development of single meiotically derived embryo sacs was observed. Greater seed production in outcrossing compared with selfing indicated a primarily allogamous matting system. Progenies from crosses between genetically different tetraploid genotypes amplified male‐specific molecular markers, indicating a hybrid origin and solid evidence of sexual reproduction. Population breeding approaches developed for sexual cross‐pollinated species are suited for improving A. macrum.

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Chromosome numbers of South African grasses

Cited by 91 publications

References 1 publication

Cytology of Some <i>Digitaria</i> Species

Cytology of Some <i>Digitaria</i> Species

Systematic revision of the genus Sorghastrum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae)

Mode of reproduction and meiotic chromosome behavior in Acroceras macrum

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