Chromosome Numbers of Cultivated Junipers

Hall, Marion T.; Mukherjee, Aparna; Crowley, Webster R.

doi:10.1086/337098

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…SEEDS tan to brown, 2-4 mm long. CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n ¼ 22, 3n ¼ 33 (Hall, Mukherjee and Crowley, 1979). POLLEN SHED March-April.…”

Section: Dioecious Trees With Broad Bushymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Juniperus of Canada and the United States: Taxonomy, Key and Distribution

Adams

2019

Lundellia

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“…SEEDS tan to brown, 2-4 mm long. CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n ¼ 22, 3n ¼ 33 (Hall, Mukherjee and Crowley, 1979). POLLEN SHED March-April.…”

Section: Dioecious Trees With Broad Bushymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEED CONES 6-9 mm, smaller than leaf length, dark blue when mature (2-3 years). CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n ¼ 22 (Hall, Mukherjee and Crowley, 1979). SEEDS 3 per cone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Juniperus of Canada and the United States: Taxonomy, Key and Distribution

Adams

2019

Lundellia

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“…2 n = 22 (Lövkvist 1963, cited in Moore 1982). Hall et al . (1973) surveyed the 20 cultivated junipers of the Morton Arboretum near Chicago and found that most had 22 pairs of chromosomes but three species in section Sabina were tetraploid (2 n = 44).…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

2007

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Summary1. This account reviews information on all aspects of the biology of Juniperus communis that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles : distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Juniperus communis (juniper) is an evergreen dioecious gymnosperm shrub with two main population centres in Britain, one on chalk downlands of southern England and the other in northern England and Scotland. British populations are divided into two main subspecies although there is overlap in genetic and morphological features. Subspecies communis varies from a spreading shrub to an erect tree characteristic of calcareous soils in southern England, various soils in the Scottish highlands, while ssp. nana is a small procumbent shrub, restricted to well-drained bogs and, more usually, rocky outcrops, generally as a minor component of upland heaths and montane scrub. Both subspecies are drought and frost tolerant, although sensitive to fire. A third subspecies, hemisphaerica , primarily found in mountains of southern Europe has two small populations on maritime cliffs in the UK. 3. Although not very palatable, J. communis is grazed by small and large mammals when food is short, particularly in winter. Its low palatability is derived from oils found in the needles, cones and wood, dominated by monoterpenes. These have been extensively used in folklore medicine and to flavour alcoholic drinks, and are being investigated for new medicinal uses. 4. Juniperus communis ssp. communis is a characteristic light-demanding invader of pasture but has declined due to agricultural expansion, erosion, overgrazing, fire and poor regeneration, such that it is now rare and threatened across lowland/southern Europe. Although susceptible to overgrazing, some grazing can be beneficial to create the open sward necessary for seedling establishment. Other limits to regeneration are: progressively ageing stands in which male plants predominate; increasing fragmentation of stands that reduces pollination efficacy; and high seed dormancy with consequent variable germinability.Key-words : climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soilsJournal of Ecology (2007) 95 , 1404-1440 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01308.x *Abbreviated references are used for many standard works: see Journal of Ecology (1975), 63 , 335 -344. Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Flora Europaea and, where different, Stace (1997). †Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: P. A. Thomas. E-mail: p.a.thomas@biol.keele.ac.uk. Pinopsida (Coniferae), Cupressaceae. The junipers are a taxonomically difficult group, composed of about 68-80 s...

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“…Sporadic polyploidy (triploids and tetraploids) have been reported in otherwise diploid members (2n = 22) of Cupressaceae: Cryptomeria japonica (2n = 33, 44) (CHIBA, 1951), Juniperus chinensis (2n = 33, 44), Juniperus chinensis (2n = 33, 44), J. squamat (2n = 44), J. virginiana (2n = 33) and J. sabina (2n = 44) (HALL et al, 1979). However, these sporadic polyploids survive only in nurseries and private estates.…”

Section: Cupressaceae (Including the Former Taxodiaceae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy in Gymnosperms: Revisited

Ahuja

2005

Silvae Genetica

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There are only a few natural polyploids in gymnosperms. These have been reported in Ephera spp. (Gnetales), and Juniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzeriana’ (2n = 4x = 44), Fitzroya cupressoides (2n = 4x = 44), and the only hexaploid conifer Sequoia sempervirens (2n = 6x = 66) (Coniferales). Sporadic polyploids and aneuploids occur at a very low frequency in nurseries in conifers, but most of them show growth abnormalities, remain dwarf, and may not reach maturity. One exception is an autotetraploid tree of Larix decidua (2n = 4x = 48) that has survived in a private estate in Denmark. Colchicine-induced polyploids (colchiploids) have been produced in a several genera of conifers, including, Pinus, Picea, and Larix. These colchiploids (Co) were hybridized to untreated diploids to produce C1 and C2 generations to investigate their chromosome behavior. The colchiploids showed a wide range of chromosome variability, ranging from diploids, triploids, and tetraploids, and many were mixoploids. The colchiploids also show growth retardation, remain dwarf, and their future potential applications in forestry remains uncertain. However, genetic variability in the colchiploids still offers prospects for isolating genetically stable new genotypes. Even though polyploidy is rare in extant conifers, is it possible that ancient polyploidy or paleopolyploidy, that is prevalent in angiosperms, has also played a role in the evolution of conifers. In this paper we shall review the current status of polyploidy in gymnosperms.

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Chromosome Numbers of Cultivated Junipers

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Juniperus of Canada and the United States: Taxonomy, Key and Distribution

Juniperus of Canada and the United States: Taxonomy, Key and Distribution

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

Polyploidy in Gymnosperms: Revisited

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