Chromosome Numbers in Australian Solanum Species

Abstract

Chromosome numbers are given of about 100 species of Solanum native, naturalized or cultivated in Australia, the majority of them new records. The origin and distribution of polyploid races of two species is briefly discussed.

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

“…Stone cells mostly absent (Australia, South Pacific and South America), but if present (North America, Mexico, Eurasia and Africa) 2–4(6) per berry, 2–4 larger ones >0.5 mm and two smaller ones <0.5 mm in diameter. Chromosome number: 2n =2x=24 (Tokunaga 1933 [as S. dillenii ]; Nakamura 1937 [as S. photeinocarpum ]; Stebbins and Paddock 1949 [as S. nodiflorum ]; Heiser 1955 under S. nodiflorum ; Baylis 1958 as S. nodiflorum ; Soria and Heiser 1961 [as S. nodiflorum ]; Heiser et al 1965 [as S. nodiflorum ]; Edmonds 1972, 1977, 1982, 1983, 1984a; Venkateswarlu and Rao 1972 [vouchers labelled as S. nigrum S14, S30, S31]; D’Arcy 1974a; Henderson 1974; Tandon 1974; Bhiravamurty 1975 [as S. nodiflorum ]; Randell and Symon 1976; Symon 1981; Ganapathi and Rao 1986a; Symon 1985; Schilling and Andersen 1990; Bukenya 1996; Jacoby and Labuschagne 2006; Moyetta et al 2013; Olet et al 2015). …”

“…Stone cells absent or occasionally 1–2 diminutive apical stone cells present. Chromosome number: 2n =2x=24 (Baylis 1958; Soria and Heiser 1961 [as S. gracile ]; Heiser et al 1965 [as S. gracile ]; Venkateswarlu and Rao 1972; Henderson 1974 [as S. gracilius ]; Randell and Symon 1976; Edmonds 1972, 1977, 1982, 1983; 1984a [as S. sublobatum ]; Moscone 1992; Jacoby and Labuschagne 2006; Moyetta et al 2013). …”

“…Stone cells 2–13 per berry, largest 0.8–1.0 mm in diameter but varying in size. Chromosome number: 2n =6x=72 (Stebbins and Paddock 1949; Edmonds 1982, 1983), but see 2n =2x=24 in Randell and Symon (1976; possible voucher identification issue).…”

“…0.5 mm in diameter, brown. Chromosome number: 2n =6x=72 (Jørgensen 1928; Tokunaga 1933; Ellison 1936; Nakamura 1937; Stebbins and Paddock 1949; Baylis 1958; Heiser et al 1965; Saarisalo-Taubert 1967; Venkateswarlu and Rao 1972 [as S. nigrum S8, S11, S19]; Henderson 1974; Tandon 1974; Randell and Symon 1976; Edmonds 1977, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984a; Ganapathi and Rao 1986a; Symon 1981; Bukenya 1996). …”

“…0.5 mm in diameter. Chromosome number: 2 n =2 x =24 (Ellison 1936; Henderson 1974; Saarisalo-Taubert 1967; Edmonds 1977, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984a, 1986; Randell and Symon 1976; Symon 1981; Olet et al 2015). …”