Chromosome number reduction in the sister clade of <i>Carica papaya</i> with concomitant genome size doubling

Rockinger, Alexander; Sousa, Aretuza; Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes; Renner, Susanne S.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1600134

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…in Brassicaceae [ 53 ]), it has been found that they could vary considerably and change rapidly in other families (e.g. in Caricaceae, Turneraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae; [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Moreover, species with the lowest chromosome number, based on descending dysploidy, could have genomes that are twice as large as those of their closest relatives [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in Caricaceae, Turneraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae; [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Moreover, species with the lowest chromosome number, based on descending dysploidy, could have genomes that are twice as large as those of their closest relatives [ 57 ]. C-value analyses in Phalaris [ 38 ] show that the x = 6 species have a significantly higher genome size than other diploids in the x = 7 group (see Fig 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there is no indication of polyploidy, this could indicate that the x = 6 taxa experienced accumulation of repetitive elements early at their split from x = 7 taxa. An enhanced genome size likely is due to enormous bursts in transposon amplification through the loss of repression and elimination of transposable elements [ 57 , 61 , 62 ]. Since transposable elements are preferentially localized near or within rDNA clusters [ 63 , 64 , 65 ], the translocation of chromosome segments with 5S rDNA loci could could be related to the transposon amplification in the x = 6 taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyotype evolution in Phalaris (Poaceae): The role of reductional dysploidy, polyploidy and chromosome alteration in a wide-spread and diverse genus

et al. 2018

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Karyotype characteristics can provide valuable information on genome evolution and speciation, in particular in taxa with varying basic chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Due to its worldwide distribution, remarkable variability in morphological traits and the fact that ploidy change plays a key role in its evolution, the canary grass genus Phalaris (Poaceae) is an excellent study system to investigate the role of chromosomal changes in species diversification and expansion. Phalaris comprises diploid species with two basic chromosome numbers of x = 6 and 7 as well as polyploids based on x = 7. To identify distinct karyotype structures and to trace chromosome evolution within the genus, we apply fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) of 5S and 45S rDNA probes in four diploid and four tetraploid Phalaris species of both basic numbers. The data agree with a dysploid reduction from x = 7 to x = 6 as the result of reciprocal translocations between three chromosomes of an ancestor with a diploid chromosome complement of 2n = 14. We recognize three different genomes in the genus: (1) the exclusively Mediterranean genome A based on x = 6, (2) the cosmopolitan genome B based on x = 7 and (3) a genome C based on x = 7 and with a distribution in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Both auto- and allopolyploidy of genomes B and C are suggested for the formation of tetraploids. The chromosomal divergence observed in Phalaris can be explained by the occurrence of dysploidy, the emergence of three different genomes, and the chromosome rearrangements accompanied by karyotype change and polyploidization. Mapping the recognized karyotypes on the existing phylogenetic tree suggests that genomes A and C are restricted to sections Phalaris and Bulbophalaris, respectively, while genome B occurs across all taxa with x = 7.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyotype evolution in Phalaris (Poaceae): The role of reductional dysploidy, polyploidy and chromosome alteration in a wide-spread and diverse genus

et al. 2018

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“…Chromosome number information detects major genomic events such as aneuploidy and polyploidy and has been consistently investigated (Guerra, 2008;Rice et al, 2015). In plant systematics, cytotaxonomic, phylogenetic and speciation inferences of chromosome numbers have been appreciated throughout the vascular pant lineages (de Azkue and Martĩnez, 1990;Chung and Kim, 1997;McArthur and Sanderson, 1999;Windham and Yatskievych, 2003;Peruzzi et al, 2009;Rockinger et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Report on the chromosome numbers of four Carex taxa in Korea (Cyperaceae)

Chung

2019

Korean J. Pl. Taxon

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We report the meiotic chromosome numbers of four Carex taxa from Korean populations. Three are the first reports made on taxa from Korean populations: Carex appendiculata (Trautv. & C. A. Mey.) Kük. (n = 27 I I). Carex L. (Cyperaceae) consists of more than 2,000 species worldwide and is the most species-rich genus in Korea. The species diversity in the genus has been hypothesized to be associated with the chromosome variation, but chromosome information pertaining to Korean Carex taxa is not well known. This report updates the chromosome number inventory on Korean Carex to 24 out of 180 taxa.

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“…and tropical woody species (Bationo-Kando et al, 2016;Cai et al, 2013;Dahmer et al, 2009;Schneider et al, 2015). Traditional cytology can be used for identifying aneuploids (additional or missing chromosomes) (Hu et al, 2015) or dysploids (alterations from chromosome fusion or fission) difficult to detect using flow cytometry (Rockinger et al, 2016). To meet the demand for accurate chromosome counts, traditional cytology has proven useful in the development of databases across taxonomic groups and formation of data sets for meta-analysis of chromosome number across plants and animals (Peruzzi et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Improved Method of Enzyme Digestion for Root Tip Cytology

Lattier

Chen

Contreras

2017

horts

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Chromosome numbers are an important botanical character for multiple fields of plant sciences, from plant breeding and genetics to systematics and taxonomy. Accurate chromosome counts in root tips of woody plants are often limited by their small, friable roots with numerous, small chromosomes. Current hydrolysis and enzyme digestion techniques require handling of roots before the root squash. However, optimum chromosome spread occurs when the cell walls have degraded past the point of easy handling. Here, we present a new enzyme digestion protocol that is fast, efficient, and flexible. This protocol reduces handling of the roots allowing for long-duration enzyme digestion. Digestions are performed on a microscope slide, eliminating the need for handling digested cells with forceps or pipettes. To illustrate the flexibility of this method across woody plant taxa, we performed chromosome counts on five angiosperms and one gymnosperm. Ploidy levels included diploids, triploids, and tetraploids with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 16 to 2n = 80. The range of holoploid 2C genome sizes spanned 1.54–24.71 pg. This protocol will provide a useful technique for plant cytologists working with taxa that exhibit a wide range of genome size and ploidy levels.

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Chromosome number reduction in the sister clade of Carica papaya with concomitant genome size doubling

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Karyotype evolution in Phalaris (Poaceae): The role of reductional dysploidy, polyploidy and chromosome alteration in a wide-spread and diverse genus

Karyotype evolution in Phalaris (Poaceae): The role of reductional dysploidy, polyploidy and chromosome alteration in a wide-spread and diverse genus

Report on the chromosome numbers of four Carex taxa in Korea (Cyperaceae)

Improved Method of Enzyme Digestion for Root Tip Cytology

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