Chromosome Mapping of U2 snDNA in Species of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Leptodactylus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Gazoni, Thiago; Dorigon, Nathália Sepulveda; Silva, Marcelo J da; Cholak, Luiza Rieder; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Parise-Maltempi, Patrícia Pasquali

doi:10.1159/000515047

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The XTR, XCA, XPY, XAL, XLA, and XMU abbreviations show chromosome of X. tropicalis, X. calcaratus, X. pygmaeus, X. allofraseri, X. laevis, and X. muelleri, respectively. In amphibians, U2 snRNA tandem repeats also have been localized in the cycloramphid genus Thoropa and the leptodactylid genus Leptodactylus [Gazoni et al, 2021], the H3 gene have been localized in the pipid genus Pipa [Zattera et al, 2020], and the Rex elements have been localized in the leptodactylid genus Physalaemus [Nascimento et al, 2015]. To our knowledge, there are no other cytogenetic studies that localize the U1, U2 snRNA, H3, or Rex loci in this vertebrate group.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

“…One explanation for this nding in different Thoropa species is that U2 loci are universally situated on both pairs 6 and 7 but with different and species-speci c copy numbers on each chromosome pair. In Leptodactylus, the U2 loci were identi ed on chromosome pair 6 in eight species but one of them had additional signals on chromosomes 4, 9, and 10 [ Gazoni et al, 2021]. Thus, results of the U2 snRNA mapping on those frogs (both genera have an approximate evolutionary distance from Xenopus about 180 Mya [Hime et al, 2021]) have partial homology in the number and location, but some species also have additional signals on other chromosomes [Gazoni et al, 2021].…”

Section: U1 and U2 Snrna Repeat Locimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Leptodactylus, the U2 loci were identi ed on chromosome pair 6 in eight species but one of them had additional signals on chromosomes 4, 9, and 10 [ Gazoni et al, 2021]. Thus, results of the U2 snRNA mapping on those frogs (both genera have an approximate evolutionary distance from Xenopus about 180 Mya [Hime et al, 2021]) have partial homology in the number and location, but some species also have additional signals on other chromosomes [Gazoni et al, 2021]. The FISH technology deployed here cannot detect snRNAs when they have low copy number (in X. laevis, genome mapping of our U1 and U2 snRNA sequences matched two chromosome pairs, but FISH detected these loci on one chromosome pair) and is an alternative tool for visualization of snRNAs on speci c chromosomes such as chromosome 1 (U1) and chromosome 8 (U2).…”

Section: U1 and U2 Snrna Repeat Locimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TRs, in contrast, are found as tandem arrays or head-to-tail motifs from several to more than a hundred copies [Myers, 2007]. TRs include microsatellite, minisatellite, satellite DNA, and also ribosomal genes (minor 5S and major 45S), histone genes, and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), which are found as clusters on single chromosomal locus or multiple loci [Valente et al, 2011;Sember et al, 2020;Gazoni et al, 2021;Schott et al, 2022]. These loci often undergo concerted evolution [Elder and Turner, 1995;Liao, 1999] which causes paralogous repetitive elements within a species to be more similar to each other than to orthologous repetitive elements, even when the origin of repetitive elements precedes speciation [Liao, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of repetitive elements in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)

Fornaini

Bergelová

Gvoždík

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Repetitive elements have multiple copies in a genome and have been identified in several amphibian genomes using whole genome sequencing, but few studies have used cytogenetic mapping to visualize these elements in this vertebrate group. Here we compared the numbers and positions of repetitive elements in diploid and tetraploid species of the genus Xenopus, specifically between the diploid Xenopus tropicalis and its close allotetraploid relative X. calcaratus (both from Silurana subgenus), and also in more phylogenetically distant allotetraploids from the amieti, muelleri, and laevis species groups (all from subgenus Xenopus). Results allowed us to qualitatively evaluate the relative roles of polyploidization and divergence in the evolution of repetitive elements because our focal species include allotetraploid species derived from two independent polyploidization events – one closely related to the diploid species and one that is more distant. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to map the U1 and U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), histone H3, and retroelement Rex3 repeat loci. Our results demonstrated that U1 and U2 snRNA loci were conserved in copy number and position in the Silurana genomes, with one copy of U1 and U2 snRNA in diploid genome and one copy in each subgenome of allotetraploid species in subgenus Silurana and the muelleri species group. However, snRNA content varied among allotetraploid species in the amieti and laevis species groups, with only one U1 and U2 snRNA copy present in the entire allotetraploid genome of three species. Probes interrogating repetitive H3 and Rex3 loci were present on all chromosomes in diploid and allotetraploid species in subgenus Silurana, and in the muelleri species group. In the amieti and laevis species groups, H3 and Rex3 repeats were present on about half of all chromosomes. Overall, the results indicated that variation in the position and copy number of repetitive elements increases with phylogenetic distance, with high conservation in diploid and tetraploid Silurana species but more variation between Xenopus subgenera and among species groups in the subgenus Xenopus. In general and as expected, the effect of allotetraploidization was to increase the copy number of repetitive elements relative to diploid species, with the exception of the amieti and laevis species groups.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: U1 and U2 Snrna Repeat Locimentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: U1 and U2 Snrna Repeat Locimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of repetitive elements in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)

Fornaini

Bergelová

Gvoždík

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of tandem repeats in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)

et al. 2023

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Repetitive elements have been identified in several amphibian genomes using whole genome sequencing, but few studies have used cytogenetic mapping to visualize these elements in this vertebrate group. Here, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic data to map the U1 and U2 small nuclear RNAs and histone H3 in six species of African clawed frog (genus Xenopus), including, from subgenus Silurana, the diploid Xenopus tropicalis and its close allotetraploid relative X. calcaratus and, from subgenus Xenopus, the allotetraploid species X. pygmaeus, X. allofraseri, X. laevis, and X. muelleri. Results allowed us to qualitatively evaluate the relative roles of polyploidization and divergence in the evolution of repetitive elements because our focal species include allotetraploid species derived from two independent polyploidization events — one that is relatively young that gave rise to X. calcaratus and another that is older that gave rise to the other (older) allotetraploids. Our results demonstrated conserved loci number and position of signals in the species from subgenus Silurana; allotetraploid X. calcaratus has twice as many signals as diploid X. tropicalis. However, the content of repeats varied among the other allotetraploid species. We detected almost same number of signals in X. muelleri as in X. calcaratus and same number of signals in X. pygmaeus, X. allofraseri, X. laevis as in the diploid X. tropicalis. Overall, these results are consistent with the proposal that allopolyploidization duplicated these tandem repeats and that variation in their copy number was accumulated over time through reduction and expansion in a subset of the older allopolyploids.

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Major and minor U small nuclear RNAs genes characterization in a neotropical fish genome: Chromosomal remodeling and repeat units dispersion in Parodontidae

Azambuja

Schemberger

Nogaroto

et al. 2022

Gene

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Chromosome Mapping of U2 snDNA in Species of <b><i>Leptodactylus</i></b> (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of repetitive elements in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)

Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of repetitive elements in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)

Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of tandem repeats in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)

Major and minor U small nuclear RNAs genes characterization in a neotropical fish genome: Chromosomal remodeling and repeat units dispersion in Parodontidae

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