Chromosome manipulations for progress of triticale (×Triticosecale) breeding

Abstract

In this review, we present the current state of knowledge and directions of future prebreeding studies of hexaploid triticale concerning chromosome manipulations.We specify the main goals for creating chromosome aberrations in this artificially generated crop, which are referred to as introgression of genes that are responsible for quality traits, biotic stresses resistance, and heterosis. We discuss the breeding methods, supported by cytomolecular analyses, which are based on development of chromosome aberrations induced by meiotic restitution, chromosome elimination, chromosome fragmentation or random fusion of chromatin fragments into chromosome structures. What is more, this kind of chromosome manipulations can be generated through induced cross-hybridizations, which are alternatives to genome editing technologies, associated with the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We also show the newest modifications and improvements in triticale breeding strategies, which involve recent achievements in cytogenetics and genomics. At last, we discuss how the new methods, such as gametocidal factor system or induced homoeologous recombination, can be exploited to accelerate the breeding considering particular end-use properties of triticale. K E Y W O R D S breeding, chromosome additions, chromosome substitutions, chromosome translocations, triticale

Development and Cytomolecular Identification of Monosomic Alien Addition and Substitution Lines of Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) With 2Sk Chromosome Conferring Leaf Rust Resistance Derived From Aegilops kotschyi Boiss

“…Linking Gc loci with Lr54 + Yr37 leaf and stripe rust-resistant genes in triticale varieties would ensure maintenance of these traits in subsequent generations without the need for selection. But, on the other hand, triticale plants with centric chromosome breaks can be selected and used for the induction of Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) ( Kwiatek and Nawracała, 2018 ).…”

“…Monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) contain only one alien chromosome in addition to the receptor background chromosomes. The production of monosomic addition lines rely on backcrosses with an acceptor crop ( Faris et al, 2002 ; Brar and Dhaliwal, 2004 ; Wulff and Moscou, 2014 ; Kwiatek and Nawracała, 2018 ). In traditional breeding of intraspecific hybrids, the recurrent backcrossing is commonly employed to transfer alleles at one or more loci from a donor to an elite variety ( Veatch-Blohm, 2007 ).…”

Spike morphology alternations in androgenic progeny of hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) caused by nullisomy of 2R and 5R chromosomes

“…Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) have been applied to board spectrum of analyses, including studies of interspecific hybridization and polyploidy and analyses of phylogenetic relationships between species, genetic mapping, and analysis of plant breeding materials (Chester et al 2010). ISH techniques are the most suitable and rapid methods for the identification of chromosomal disorders (Kwiatek and Nawracała 2018;Kwiatek et al 2019). Chromosome-specific FISH markers are considered as powerful tools for evaluation of genomic changes.…”

Molecular Identification of Triticale Introgression Lines Carrying Leaf Rust Resistance Genes Transferred From Aegilops Kotschyi Boiss. and Ae. Tauschii Coss.

“…In turn, triticale suffers lack of the evolution process. The genetic pool of wheat and rye forms for cross-hybridizations were relatively narrow and it had and signi cant effect on low genetic variability of this crop (Kwiatek and Nawracała, 2018). This is the most possible reason of the resistance collapse of triticale in last two decades (Arseniuk and Góral, 2015).…”