Chromosome location of mycorrhizal responsive genes in wheat

Hetrick, B. A. D.; Wilson, Gail W. T.; Gill, B. S.; Cox, T. S.

doi:10.1139/b95-097

Cited by 73 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several previous studies document phenotypic variation in plant health and nutritional status resulting from mycorrhizal (37) and Rhizobium (38) plant-microbe interactions. There is some evidence that modern breeding efforts in crop plants inadvertently have selected against hosting such beneficial microflora (39). Taken together, these results and ours suggest significant untapped potential to exploit genetic variation in the host through breeding to enhance beneficial interactions with microorganisms, just as plant breeding has harnessed tremendous genetic variation in plant germplasm to increase crop productivity and enhance the plant's ability to endure pathogens, pests, and harsh physical environments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Genetic basis in plants for interactions with disease-suppressive bacteria

Smith

Handelsman

Goodman

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

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Plant health depends, in part, on associations with disease-suppressive microf lora, but little is known about the role of plant genes in establishing such associations. Identifying such genes will contribute to understanding the basis for plant health in natural communities and to new strategies to reduce dependence on pesticides in agriculture. To assess the role of the plant host in disease suppression, we used a genetic mapping population of tomato to evaluate the efficacy of the biocontrol agent Bacillus cereus against the seed pathogen Pythium torulosum. We detected significant phenotypic variation among recombinant inbred lines that comprise the mapping population for resistance to P. torulosum, disease suppression by B. cereus, and growth of B. cereus on the seed. Genetic analysis revealed that three quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with disease suppression by B. cereus explained 38% of the phenotypic variation among the recombinant inbred lines. In two cases, QTL for disease suppression by B. cereus map to the same locations as QTL for other traits, suggesting that the host effect on biocontrol is mediated by different mechanisms. The discovery of a genetic basis in the host for interactions with a biocontrol agent suggests new opportunities to exploit natural genetic variation in host species to enhance our understanding of beneficial plantmicrobe interactions and develop ecologically sound strategies for disease control in agriculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Genetic basis in plants for interactions with disease-suppressive bacteria

Smith

Handelsman

Goodman

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

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“…There was a co-localization of QTLs for biomass, AP and mycorrhizal responsiveness at two sites, on chromosomes 2 and 3, respectively, and of QTLs for biomass, AP and the number of roots on linkage group 9 (this latter LG could not be linked to a specific chromosome for lack of suitable markers). Hetrick et al (1995) used chromosomal substitution lines in wheat to locate genomic regions associated with mycorrhizal responsiveness. Several chromosomes from a responsive cultivar (Cheyenne) conferred a significant effect of mycorrhiza on dry weight to a non-responsive cultivar (Chinese Spring).…”

Section: Genetic Factors: Qtls and Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: opportunities for breeding

Wiel¹,

Linden²,

Scholten³

2015

Euphytica

191

115

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Phosphorus (P) is often an important limiting factor for crop yields, but rock phosphate as fertilizer is a non-renewable resource and expected to become scarce in the future. High P input levels in agriculture have led to environmental problems. One of the ways to tackle these issues simultaneously is improving phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of the crops through breeding. In this review, we describe plant architectural and physiological traits important for PUE. Subsequently, we discuss efficient methods of screening for PUE traits. We address targeted cultivation methods, including solid and hydroponic systems, as well as testing methods, such as image analysis systems, and biomass and photosynthesis measurements. Genetic variation for PUE traits has been assessed in many crops, and genetics of PUE has been studied by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses and genome-wide association study. A number of genes involved in the plant's response to low P have been characterized. These genes include transcription factors, and genes involved in signal transduction, hormonal pathways, sugar signalling, P saving metabolic pathways, and in P scavenging, including transporters and metabolites and/or ATP-ases mobilizing P in the soil. In addition, the role of microorganisms promoting PUE of plants, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is discussed. An overview is given of methods for selecting for optimal combinations of plant and fungal genotypes, and their genetics, incl. QTLs and genes involved. In conclusion, significant progress has been made in selecting for traits for PUE, developing systems for the difficult but highly relevant root phenotyping, and in identifying QTLs and genes involved.

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“…The effects of genotypic variation on AM colonization have been described in a wide number of plant species. A particularly strong genetic basis for colonization ability has been demonstrated in wheat and its ancestral relatives (reviewed in Hetrick et al, 1995;Peterson and Bradbury, 1995). These examples, however, mostly involve polygenic variation.…”

Section: Molecular Genetics Of Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Cell Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Getting to the Roots of the Symbiosis

Gianinazzi‐Pearson¹

1996

The Plant Cell

130

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INTRODUCTIONSince their colonization of terrestrial ecosystems, plants have developed numerous strategies to cope with the diverse biotic and abiotic challenges that are a consequence of their sedentary life cycle. One of the most successful strategies is the ability of root systems to establish mutualistic and reciprocally beneficial symbiotic relationships with microorganisms. Mycorrhizas, the intricate associations roots form with specific fungal groups, are by far the most frequent of these and represent the underground absorbing organs of most plants in nature (Gianinazzi-Pearson, 1984). Through their function in the efficient exploitation of soil mineral resources and their bioprotective role against a number of common soilborne pathogens, mycorrhizas are instrumental in the survival and fitness of many plant taxa in diverse ecosystems, including many crop species (reviewed in Allen, 1991; Bethlenfalvay and Linderman, 1992).Severa1 kinds of mycorrhizal associations can be distinguished according to their morphology and the plant and fungal taxa concerned. They fall almost exclusively into two broad groups: (1) the ectomycorrhizas of woody Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, in which Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, or Zygomycetes develop intercellular hyphae from a mycelial sheath covering the surface of short lateral roots; and (2) the endomycorrhizas, characterized by intraradical mycelium growth and intracellular fungal proliferation, which are formed by Basidiomycetes in the Orchidaceae (orchidoid mycorrhiza), Ascomycetes in the Ericales (ericoid mycorrhiza), and Zygomycetes in most other terrestrial plant taxa (arbuscular mycorrhiza; reviewed in Harley and Smith, 1983).Plant compatibility with mycorrhizal fungi is a generalized and ancient phenomenon. Species in >80% of extant plant families are capable of establishing arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), and fossil evidence suggests that symbioses of this kind existed >400 million years ago in the tissues of the first land plants (Pirozynski and Dalpé, 1989;Remy et al., 1994). As such, the ability of plants to form AM must be under the control of mechanisms that have been conserved in new plant taxa as they appeared during evolution. This compatibility also implies that selective recognition processes in plants discriminate between beneficial and harmful microorganisms and that the essential genetic determinants for AM establishment are common to an extensive part of the plant kingdom.In contrast to their extremely wide host range and despite their ancient origins, only six genera of fungi belonging to the order Glomales of the Zygomycetes have evolved the ability to form AM (Morton and Benny, 1990). lnteractions between an AM fungus and a plant begin when a hypha from a germinating soilborne spore comes into contact with a host root. This step is followed by induction of an appressorium, from which an infection hypha penetrates deep into the parenchyma cortex (Figure lA), where inter-and intracellular proliferation of mycelium is intense. Here, fungal development culm...

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Chromosome location of mycorrhizal responsive genes in wheat

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

Genetic basis in plants for interactions with disease-suppressive bacteria

Genetic basis in plants for interactions with disease-suppressive bacteria

Improving phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: opportunities for breeding

Plant Cell Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Getting to the Roots of the Symbiosis

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