Chromosome-length polymorphism in fungi.

Zolan, Miriam E.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.59.4.686-698.1995

Cited by 208 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…2A). Such a chromosome length polymorphism has already been reported within natural populations of true species (Zolan, 1995) although karyotype stability is generally observed for mitotic organisms. Karyotype stability of Ostreococcus strains is confirmed in our results since the two strains OTH95 and OTH00 isolated at the same location in 1995 and 2000 respectively, shared identical chromosomal patterns ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Ecotype diversity in the marine picoeukaryote Ostreococcus (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)

Rodrı́guez¹,

Derelle²,

Guillou³

et al. 2005

Environmental Microbiology

181

186

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The importance of the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in marine ecosystems in terms of abundance and primary production can be partially explained by ecotypic differentiation. Despite the dominance of eukaryotes within photosynthetic picoplankton in many areas a similar differentiation has never been evidenced for these organisms. Here we report distinct genetic [rDNA 18S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing], karyotypic (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis), phenotypic (pigment composition) and physiological (light-limited growth rates) traits in 12 Ostreococcus strains (Prasinophyceae) isolated from various marine environments and depths, which suggest that the concept of ecotype could also be valid for eukaryotes. Internal transcribed spacer phylogeny grouped together four deep strains isolated between 90 m and 120 m depth from different geographical origins. Three deep strains displayed larger chromosomal bands, different chromosome hybridization patterns, and an additional chlorophyll (chl) c-like pigment. Furthermore, growth rates of deep strains show severe photo-inhibition at high light intensities, while surface strains do not grow at the lowest light intensities. These features strongly suggest distinct adaptation to environmental conditions encountered at surface and the bottom of the oceanic euphotic zone, reminiscent of that described in prokaryotes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Ecotype diversity in the marine picoeukaryote Ostreococcus (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)

Rodrı́guez¹,

Derelle²,

Guillou³

et al. 2005

Environmental Microbiology

181

186

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“…The observed CLP of strains of H. uvarum from diverse geographical origin is comparable with that of H. uvarum strains isolated from Malvasia grape juice [35] and therefore does not re£ect the presence of several distinct populations but merely indicates the rapid karyotypic changes which may occur within populations [36]. De Barros Lopos et al [27] observed by AFLP genotypic analysis that most strains of H. uvarum are genetically rather uniform and they correlated the close genetic relatedness with the in£uence of humans on their dispersal and consequently the lack of genetically distinct populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Molecular identification and genetic diversity within species of the genera and

Čadež¹,

Raspor²,

Decock³

et al. 2002

FEMS Yeast Research

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“…Conditional dispensable chromosomes, or B chromosomes, have been observed for many species of plants and animals [17], but until recently were not known in fungi. The ability to separate intact fungal chromosomes has led to the striking discovery that most species exhibit chromosome-length even-number polymorphisms [8,9]. These polymorphisms have been observed both in sexual and asexual fungi, and most likely result from both mitotic and meiotic processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we describe the detection and character-isation of a spontaneous deletion mutant of M. anisopliae that appears to have lost part of its genome including the virulence genes pr1A and pr1B, which is not unusual in ¢lamentous fungi [7], and possibly the presence of dispensable chromosomes or portions of chromosomes as well, as detected in plant pathogenic fungi [8,9]. This paper is the ¢rst to show that a stable mutant strain lacking the most important pr1 genes is still able to infect its respective hosts albeit with reduced virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterisation of pr1 virulent gene deficiencies in the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Wang

2002

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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In an initial attempt to characterise single-spore isolates from Metarhizium anisopliae wild-type strain V275, three genetically identical spontaneous pr1A-and pr1B-deficient mutants were detected. These mutants were identified by Nested-PCR amplification and verified by Southern hybridisation. Sequencing and comparison of the highly conserved sequences of 28S rDNA domains 9^11 confirmed that the mutant isolates were Metarhizium anisopliae, but each had both morphological and genetic differences from the wild-type parent. RAPD analyses indicated that the overall genetic similarity between wild-type strain and the mutant was less than 70%. Enzyme assays proved that the mutant isolates had significantly lower Pr1 and elastase activities. Bioassays showed reduced lethal activity of the mutants (20%) on Tenebrio molitor, but lethal activities were similar to those of the wild-type parent on the larvae of Galleria mellonella. This paper shows for the first time that a stable mutant strain lacking the most important pr1 genes is still able to infect its respective hosts. Our observations suggest that it is not uncommon for Metarhizium anisopliae to lose its virulence genes during maintenance on artificial medium. ß

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Chromosome-length polymorphism in fungi.

Cited by 208 publications

References 80 publications

Ecotype diversity in the marine picoeukaryote Ostreococcus (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)

Ecotype diversity in the marine picoeukaryote Ostreococcus (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)

Molecular identification and genetic diversity within species of the genera and

Detection and characterisation of pr1 virulent gene deficiencies in the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

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