Chromosome Behavior in Triploids of Datura Stramonium. I. The Male Gametophyte

Satina, Sophia Alexandrovna; Blakeslee, Albert Francis

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1937.tb09141.x

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For each triplet type, the simplest model involves movement of one chromosome to one pole and of the other two chromosomes to the other pole at anaphase I. However, many synaptic arrangements of the triplet and crossing-over locations are possible and can result in chromosome loss (McClintock, 1929;Satina and Blakeslee, 1937b;Singh, 2003) or in the migration of all three copies to a single pole. In this study, we have determined the distribution of chromosome numbers in microspores produced by triploid A. thaliana (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage and parent-of-origin effects shaping aneuploid swarms in A. thaliana

et al. 2009

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Changes in chromosome number have a critical role in the evolution and formation of plant species. Triploids, which carry three complete sets of chromosomes, in particular produce offspring with different chromosome numbers, including diploid and tetraploid progeny, as well as a swarm of aneuploid progeny, which carry incomplete chromosome sets. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms shaping these swarms at the population level through a detailed characterization of the progeny of triploid Arabidopsis thaliana. We report that triploid meiosis predominately produced aneuploid gametes, most of which were viable. We performed reciprocal crosses between triploid and either diploid or tetraploid plants and karyotyped all surviving individuals. This allowed us to dissect the parent-of-origin (cross-direction) effects and also the effect of the dosage of the crossing partner on the inheritance of each chromosome type. Overall, our data indicate that the chromosomal composition of the swarms produced by the triploid A. thaliana were strongly influenced by selection acting against specific gamete combinations, but not necessarily associated with aneuploidy. Finally, each of the five chromosome types responded differently to this selection, suggesting the presence of dosage-sensitive factor(s) critical for viability and encoded on different chromosomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage and parent-of-origin effects shaping aneuploid swarms in A. thaliana

et al. 2009

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“…At the time, polyploidy represented an unusually tangible genetic feature that could be directly observed and manipulated-it thus attracted interest, not only from plant breeders but also from a broad spectrum of empirical and theoretical geneticists. For example, pioneers of the field like Albert Blakeslee and Barbara McClintock dabbled with polyploidy in their respective studies of jimson weed and maize [46][47][48], while Sewell Wright, R. A. Fisher and J. B. S. Haldane adapted formulae to consider multisomic populations [49][50][51][52].…”

Section: The Cytogenetics Era (1930s-1960s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

248

237

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.

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“…In triploid datura, Satina add Blakeslee (1937) reported 17/19 disjunction in majority of the cells. Satina and Blakeslee (1937a) recorded lagging chromosomes and fragments in triploid datura and Sen (1965) observed fragments in triploid rice. In the present material also majority of the cells exhibited 1 to 5 laggards.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%