Chromosome aberrations, mitogen-induced blastogenesis and proliferative rate index in peripheral lymphocytes from 106 control individuals of the U.K. population

Anderson, Diana; Jenkinson, P.C.; Dewdney, R.S.; Francis, Anne J.; Godbert, P.; Butterworth, K.R.

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(88)90037-7

Cited by 76 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results are similar to other human studies which reported no variation in lymphocyte proliferative rate with age in a control group from the United Kingdom (Anderson et al 1988). Similarly, the sex-related differences in mitogeninduced lymphocyte proliferation observed here are in conformity with others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cytogenetic damage related to low levels of methyl mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon

Amorim

Mergler

Bahia

et al. 2000

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

105

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The mercury rejected in the water system, from mining operations and lixiviation of soils after deforestation, is considered to be the main contributors to the contamination of the ecosystem in the Amazon Basin. The objectives of the present study were to examine cytogenetic functions in peripheral lymphocytes within a population living on the banks of the Tapajós River with respect to methylmercury (MeHg) contamination, using hair mercury as a biological indicator of exposure. Our investigation shows a clear relation between methylmercury contamination and cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes at levels well below 50 micrograms/gram, the level at which initial clinical signs and symptoms of mercury poisoning occur. The first apparent biological effect with increasing MeHg hair level was the impairment of lymphocyte proliferation measured as mitotic index (MI). The relation between mercury concentration in hair and MI suggests that this parameter, an indicator of changes in lymphocytes and their ability to respond to culture conditions, may be an early marker of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in humans and should be taken into account in the preliminary evaluation of the risks to populations exposed in vivo. This is the first report showing clear cytotoxic effects of long-term exposure to MeHg. Although the results strongly suggest that, under the conditions examined here, MeHg is both a spindle poison and a clastogen, the biological significance of these observations are as yet unknown. A long-term follow-up of these subjects should be undertaken.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cytogenetic damage related to low levels of methyl mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon

Amorim

Mergler

Bahia

et al. 2000

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

105

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“…Results from previous studies on the effect of smoking on the proliferative response of PBMCs to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation are not conclusive [17,[35][36][37]. Proliferative responses of PBMCs from patients with CB have been investigated by SCHÖNFELD et al [38] and were found to be decreased to both mitogens (PHA, Concanavalin A) and an antigen (tetanus toxoid).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological findings in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic bronchitis patients with recurrent infectious exacerbations

Qvarfordt

Riise²,

Larsson³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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Tobacco smoking induces profound immunological and inflammatory changes, both in the airways and systemically. Smoking impairs host defences and increases susceptibility to infection [1,2].The literature on the effects of smoking on the immune system is extensive and has been reviewed by several authors [2][3][4]. Evidence of a considerable influence on both humoral and cell-mediated immunity has been presented. Decreased serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, mainly IgG, have been reported in smokers [5,6]. Data concerning immediate skin reactivity to common allergens [7,8] as well as specific antibody responses to inhaled antigens [9] and vaccinations [10], indicate depressed immune responses in smokers. There are several reports of decreased activity of natural killer (NK-) cells, both from peripheral blood [11,12] and the lung [13]. Results from functional studies of circulating T-lymphocytes are conflicting, with reports of increased [14], unchanged [15] and decreased [16,17] responses to mitogenic stimulation in vitro. Alterations in immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets with a decreased fraction of helper/inducer and an increased fraction of cytotoxic/suppressor cells have been reported, both locally in the lung [18], and in the peripheral circulation [19,20].Bronchial infections are common in smokers [2], but why only some smokers develop problems with repeated bronchial infections is largely unknown. Hypothetically, smokers prone to bronchial infections might differ immunologically from smokers without this disposition. To our knowledge, there are no studies addressing this issue in which smoking habits of study and control groups have been taken fully into account.Since the disposition for bronchial infections in smokers seems to be related to the presence of chronic bronchitis (CB) [21], a state of chronic mucus hypersecretion [22], and appear in the form of recurrent infectious exacerbations, patients with CB prone to infectious exacerbations were chosen for the study group. We decided to analyse most of the immunological parameters known or thought A significantly (p<0.05) lower level of IgG 3 was found in the CB group, and a significantly (p<0.01) higher proliferative response of PBMCs was found in the CB group after stimulation with diphtheria toxoid. Detectable levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ, but not of IL-2, IL-4 or transforming growth factor-β2, were found in supernatants from cultured cells in both study groups. Stimulated TNF-α production was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the CB group. NK-cell activity did not differ significantly between the study groups. There were no major differences between the groups in lymphocyte subpopulations in blood or BAL.In conclusion, no major alterations in the analysed indices of cell-mediated and humoral immunity were found in patients with chronic bronchitis prone to recurrent infectious exacerbations when compared with asymptomatic smoking controls. Eur Respir J 1998; 11: 46-54.

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“…Previously, no significant differences were seen in CA frequency with respect to age, smoking, drinking, X-ray exposure, and contraceptive pill use (3). SCE frequency was associated with increasing age (although this was thought to be due to a higher proportion of older females in the study population) and with smoking (1), and mitogeninduced blastogenesis was reduced in males recently exposed to X-rays (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variability in chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis in peripheral lymphocytes from control individuals.

Anderson

Francis

Godbert

et al. 1993

Environ Health Perspect

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Confidence in results from monitoring genetic end points in environmentally or occupationally exposed individuals can be improved with knowledge of the normal variability of changes in genetic end points in the general population. Confounding effects can be determined, and study interpretation can be improved by correlation of this variability with various lifestyle factors such as sex and age, smoking and drinking habits, viral infections, exposure to diagnostic X-rays, etc. Eight blood samples were taken from each of24 male and 24 female volunteers over a period of2 years. Questionnaires pertaining to lifestyle were completed at the time of each sampling. Whole blood was cultured and slides prepared for chromosome abberration (CA) or sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis. Separated mononuclear cells were cultured with a range of phytohemagglutinin concentrations, and the maximum level of mitogen-induced blastogenesis was determined by measurement of [3H]thymidine uptake. There was a significant effect of both year and season of sampling for all three end points. Because there was no consistent pattern in 2 successive years, effects were thought to be independent of season. No significant effects in any of the three end points were found with respect to sex or age nor any of the other lifestyle factors, although SCE frequency and mitogen-induced blastogenesis were nearly always higher in females than in males. These results point to the need for concurrent sampling of controls with exposed populations.

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Chromosome aberrations, mitogen-induced blastogenesis and proliferative rate index in peripheral lymphocytes from 106 control individuals of the U.K. population

Cited by 76 publications

References 29 publications

Cytogenetic damage related to low levels of methyl mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon

Cytogenetic damage related to low levels of methyl mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon

Immunological findings in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic bronchitis patients with recurrent infectious exacerbations

Variability in chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis in peripheral lymphocytes from control individuals.

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