Chromosome Aberrations Induced by Low Doses of X-rays in Human Lymphocytes<i>in Vitro</i>

Chromosome damage (CD) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) levels were studied in lymphocytes from 30 pediatric heart catheterization patients receiving radiation during diagnostic fluoroscopy and cineangiography procedures. Forty-eight-hour CD and 72-hr SCE cultures were prepared from sequential samples taken from each patient: samples 1-3 via the catheter the same day (1) before exposure, (2) after fluoroscopy, and (3) after cineangiography; and sample 4 by venipuncture the next morning. Significant increases in CD (dicentrics, rings, and fragments), but not SCE, were observed. From a mean base level of 0.4% cells with CD, the CD levels increased 2-3-fold in samples 3 and 4 (p = .001). Rings only occurred in samples 3 and 4. While increased CD levels also correlated with increasing age, body surface area, and weight, partial correlations controlling for these factors clearly indicate that the CD effects are principally attributable to the radiological procedures (p = .001). Increased CD levels correlated with both the roentgen dose of cineangiography exposure (p = .002) and the volume of contrast medium (p = .000); however, partial correlations, controlling for either factor, indicate that the contrast medium was the principal factor (p = .006).

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Increased chromosome damage in pediatric heart catheterization patients after diagnostic fluoroscopy and cineangiography

Shafer

Raviele

Dunbar

et al. 1987

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Anaphase aberrations: A measure of genotoxicity in mutagen‐treated fish cells

1982

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Rainbow trout gonad cells (RTG-2) were cultured for various lengths of time in the presence of several classes of known mutagenic chemicals and several related compounds that possessed no known mutagenic/carcinogenic activity. During the course of exposure the cells were examined for the presence of abnormalities in the chromosome arrangement of anaphase figures during mitosis. Untreated and solvent-treated (dimethylsulfoxide-treated) cells exhibited a background abnormality rate of 12% with only minor chromosomal defects being observed. This was also true for those cells exposed to naphthol and anthracene, two chemicals with no proven mutagenic or carcinogenic activity. Conversely, significant increases in the frequency of anaphase aberrations were produced in cells treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, benzo(a)pyrene, 9-aminoacridine and mitomycin-C. These abnormalities were also far more complex and extensive than those observed in the control and nonmutagen-treated cells. Many species of fish have extremely small and numerous chromosomes, making resolution of chromosome defects such as sister chromatid exchange and deletions more difficult than in most mammalian diploid cells, which generally have larger and fewer chromosomes. Examination of cells during anaphase eliminates the need to observe each chromosome separately as well as the need to produce well-spread metaphase chromosomes. Since the sensitivity of anaphase aberrations to known mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds appears to be quite high in trout cells and since hundreds of suitable cells are available for analysis, this may be an appropriate alternative or addition to some of the more standard chromosome macrolesion tests developed in mammalian systems.

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Statistical methods in regression and calibration analysis of chromosome aberration data

Merkle

1983

Radiat Environ Biophys

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The method of iteratively reweighted least squares for the regression analysis of Poisson distributed chromosome aberration data is reviewed in the context of other fit procedures used in the cytogenetic literature. As an application of the resulting regression curves methods for calculating confidence intervals on dose from aberration yield are described and compared, and, for the linear quadratic model lambda = beta 0 + beta 1 chi + beta 2 chi 2 a confidence interval for the ratio beta 1/ beta 2 is given. Emphasis is placed on the rationale, interpretation and the limitations of various methods from a statistical point of view.

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Chromosome Aberrations Induced by Low Doses of X-rays in Human Lymphocytesin Vitro

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Increased chromosome damage in pediatric heart catheterization patients after diagnostic fluoroscopy and cineangiography

Increased chromosome damage in pediatric heart catheterization patients after diagnostic fluoroscopy and cineangiography

Anaphase aberrations: A measure of genotoxicity in mutagen‐treated fish cells

Statistical methods in regression and calibration analysis of chromosome aberration data

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