Chromosome Aberrations and Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Chinese Hamster Cells Exposed to Various Chemicals 2

Abstract

To evaluate its usefulness for detection of mutagenicity and oncogenicity of chemicals, the frequency of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) was examined in cultured Chinese hamster cells exposed to 33 kinds of chemical agents, including 2 aromatic hydrocarbons, 7 amine derivatives, 3 phenols, 6 carboxylic acid derivatives, 4 azo compounds, 7 heterocyclic compounds, and 4 other types of agents. Among them, 7 chemicals, including 5 known oncogens (N-n-butyl-N-nitrosourethan, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, beta-propiolacton, methylazoxymethanol acetate, and propane sultone) and 2 non-oncogens (potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate) were inducers of aberrations and/or SCE, although the effective doses for the last two agents were considerably higher. The mutagenic activities estimated by chromosome aberrations were not necessarily the same for a given chemical when estimated by SCE. Slightly to moderately increased rates of SCE or aberrations were noticed among the other 26 chemicals. However, these values were usually without a clear dose relationship.

Benzoate and Sorbate Salts: A Systematic Review of the Potential Hazards of These Invaluable Preservatives and the Expanding Spectrum of Clinical Uses for Sodium Benzoate

“…The chromosome aberrations that are induced in human lymphocytes by benzene may be similar to those reported when lymphocytes (Mpountoukas and others 2008;Zengin and others 2011;Mamur and others 2012;Pongsavee 2015), Chinese hamster cells (Abe and Sasaki 1977;Hasegawa and others 1984), or the bone marrow cells of mice (Mukherjee and others 1988) are exposed to sorbate and/or benzoate. However, not all such investigations of this nature have identified genotoxicity (Münzner and others 1990), and those that do detect it do so only when the sorbate or benzoate is used in high concentrations, or when sorbate is present together with nitrate (Mukherjee and others 1988).…”

The type of chromosomal damage caused by methylazoxymethanol acetate. A comparison between chromosome breakage and SCE.

“…We agree with Wolff (1977), and Abe and Sasaki (1977), who stated that SCE and chromosomal breakage may result from different mechanisms. That aberration production is associated with cell death (Wolff 1977) would probably have been shown in our study, if higher concentrations of MAM AC had been tested.…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to di-Butylphthalate (DBP) for use in food contact materials

“…In one test also the induction of SCE's was studied and a slight (<2x), but statistically significant increase of SCE's was seen at all three dose-levels, but without any doserelationship (Abe and Sasaki, 1977). A micronucleus study performed according to current standards showed negative results (BASF, 1990).…”