Chromosomal Polymorphism and Speciation: The Case of the Genus Mazama (Cetartiodactyla; Cervidae)

Galindo, David Javier; Martins, Gabriela Siqueira; Vozdová, Miluše; Černohorská, Halina; Kubı́čková, Svatava; Bernegossi, Agda Maria; Kadlčíková, Dita; Rubeš, Jiřı́; Duarte, José Maurício Barbanti

doi:10.3390/genes12020165

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Molecular species delimitation analysis showed the GMYC model significantly higher than the null model for the single threshold (p = 0.0018), while the GMYC model was not significantly higher for multiple thresholds (p = 0.0959) (SM-04). Thus, the single threshold model identified nine MOTUs ( Figure 7D ) that were compared with delimitations based on the current taxonomy of the analyzed species ( Merino and Rossi, 2010 ; Figure 7B ) and on the cytotypes taxonomic hypothesis ( Abril et al, 2010 ; Cursino et al, 2014 ; Salviano et al, 2017 ; Galindo et al, 2021 ; Figure 7C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the difference of one tandem fusion between M. rufa and the Carajás cytotype (MRU 5/8, forming CA3) has been described ( Abril et al, 2010 ; Galindo et al, 2021 ). The potential hybridization between both populations would lead to the formation of individuals carrying one tandem fusion in heterozygosis, considering the conservative observation of absence of a prezygotic barrier in captivity ( Carranza et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using bovine whole chromosome painting (WCP) probes on karyotypes of the M. rufa and M. americana ( sensu stricto ) neotypes, in a male of the Paraná cytotype (T308), and another male of the Carajás cytotype (T166) of the M. americana complex ( sensu lato ). Painting probes derived from cattle were selected considering their proven efficiency in karyotypic studies of the family Cervidae ( Frohlich et al, 2017 ; Galindo et al, 2021 ). Whole chromosomes were isolated by microdissection in the PALM Microlaser system (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Munich, Germany) ( Kubickova et al, 2002 ) or by flow sorting using MoFlo XDP Cell Sorter (Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, United States) ( Frohlich et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subfertility was also observed, to a lesser degree, among less divergent cytotypes ( Cursino et al, 2014 ; Salviano et al, 2017 ). The reproductive fitness of these same hybrids, however, must be severely aggravated by the chromosomal imbalance observed in sperm ( Galindo et al, 2021 ). Thus, in a conservative taxonomic approach, the greatest chromosomal divergence among populations (>3 chromosome pairs) represented a post-zygotic reproductive barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates the presence of two species in the M. americana complex correspondent to the two described lineages ( Abril et al, 2010 ; Cursino et al, 2014 ; Salviano et al, 2017 ; Carranza et al, 2018 ). In a less conservative taxonomic approach, the subfertility observed among populations with a minor divergence (1 or 2 chromosome pairs) would already represent isolation, leading to the hypothesis that each cytotype could correspond to a distinct species ( Abril et al, 2010 ; Cursino et al, 2014 ; Salviano et al, 2017 ; Carranza et al, 2018 ; Galindo et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revalidation of Mazama rufa (Illiger 1815) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) as a Distinct Species out of the Complex Mazama americana (Erxleben 1777)

et al. 2021

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The red brocket deer Mazama americana Erxleben, 1777 is considered a polyphyletic complex of cryptic species with wide chromosomal divergence. Evidence indicates that the observed chromosomal divergences result in reproductive isolation. The description of a neotype for M. americana allowed its genetic characterization and represented a comparative basis to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties of the group. Thus, we designated a neotype for the synonym Mazama rufa Illiger, 1815 and tested its recognition as a distinct species from the M. americana complex with the analysis of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular data. We also evaluated its distribution by sampling fecal DNA in the wild. Morphological data from craniometry and body biometry indicated an overlap of quantitative measurements between M. rufa and the entire M. americana complex. The phylogenetic hypothesis obtained through mtDNA confirmed the reciprocal monophyly relationship between M. americana and M. rufa, and both were identified as distinct molecular operational taxonomic units by the General Mixed Yule Coalescent species delimitation analysis. Finally, classic cytogenetic data and fluorescence in situ hybridization with whole chromosome painting probes showed M. rufa with a karyotype of 2n = 52, FN = 56. Comparative analysis indicate that at least fifteen rearrangements separate M. rufa and M. americana (sensu stricto) karyotypes, which confirmed their substantial chromosomal divergence. This divergence should represent an important reproductive barrier and allow its characterization as a distinct and valid species. Genetic analysis of fecal samples demonstrated a wide distribution of M. rufa in the South American continent through the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and south region of Amazon. Thus, we conclude for the revalidation of M. rufa as a distinct species under the concept of biological isolation, with its karyotype as the main diagnostic character. The present work serves as a basis for the taxonomic review of the M. americana complex, which should be mainly based on cytogenetic characterization and directed towards a better sampling of the Amazon region, the evaluation of available names in the species synonymy and a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis.

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