Chromosomal location of genes for novel glutenin subunits and gliadins in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides)

Abstract

The glutenin and gliadin proteins of wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides, have potential for improvement of durum wheat ( T. turgidum L. var. durum) quality. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosomes controlling the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and gliadin proteins present in three T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accessions (Israel-A, PI-481521, and PI-478742), which were used as chromosome donors in Langdon durum- T. turgidum var. dicoccoides (LDN-DIC) chromosome substitution lines. The three T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accessions, their respective LDN-DIC substitution lines, and a number of controls with known HMW glutenin subunits were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), urea/SDS-PAGE, and acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). The results revealed that all three T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accessions possess Glu-A1 alleles that are the same as or similar to those reported previously. However, each T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accession had a unique Glu-B1 allele. PI-478742 had an unusual 1Bx subunit, which had mobility slightly slower than the 1Ax subunit in 12% SDS-PAGE gels. The subunits controlled by chromosome 1B of PI-481521 were slightly faster in mobility than the subunits of the Glu-B1n allele, and the 1By subunit was identified as band 8. The 1B subunits of Israel-A had similar mobility to subunits 14 and 16. The new Glu-B1 alleles were designated as Glu-B1be in Israel-A, Glu-B1bf in PI-481521, and Glu-B1bg in PI-478742. Results from A-PAGE revealed that PI-481521, PI-478742, and Israel-A had eight, 12, and nine unique gliadin bands, respectively, that were assigned to specific chromosomes. The identified glutenin subunits and gliadin proteins in the LDN-DIC substitution lines provide the basis for evaluating their effects on end-use quality, and they are also useful biochemical markers for identifying specific chromosomes or chromosome segments of T. turgidum var. dicoccoides.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization and seed storage protein analysis of 1A/1D translocation lines of durum wheat

“…The band having slightly faster mobility derived from chromosome 1A because it was absent in LDN 1D(1A) but present in LDN 1D(1B) substitution (Figure 4, lanes 10 and 11). Similarly, the band with slightly slower Joppa et al (1983) and Xu et al (2004), except that the chromosomal locations for bands 22 were determined in this study. (Figure 4, lanes 1, 9, 11) were the same as bands 19, 22 and 50 in Renville (Figure 4, lanes 7 and 15).…”

“…The chromosomal locations of most gliadin proteins in LDN were determined by Joppa et al (1983) and Xu et al (2004). The chromosomal location of band 22 was not previously determined.…”

Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). 9. Gene MlZec1 from the Triticum dicoccoides-derived wheat line Zecoi-1

“…Gene transfers from species belonging to the primary gene pool of Triticum into common wheat can be achieved by direct hybridization, homologous recombination, backcrossing and selection (McFadden, 1930). Accordingly, T. dicoccoides is a valuable genetic resource possessing genes for potentially major impact on future wheat breeding programs in regard to quality Xu et al, 2004) and pathogen resistance (Gerechter-Amitai & Stubbs, 1970;Moseman et al, 1985;Nevo et al, 1985;Hsam & Zeller, 2002). Wild emmer has been reported to be highly resistant to powdery mildew (Gerechter-Amitai & van Silfhout, 1984;Moseman et al, 1984).…”

Utilization of alien genes to enhance Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat – A review

“…Two sets of LDN-T. dicoccoides disomic substitution lines were recently developed using two resistant T. dicoccoides accessions as chromosome donors (Joppa, unpublished;Xu et al, 2004). Evaluation of these substitution lines for reaction to FHB in the greenhouse indicated that chromosomes 5B and 7A in the T. dicoccoides accessions conferred resistance to FHB (Stack et al, 2003b).…”