Chromosomal instability in lemon grass, Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steudel) Wats

Lavania, U. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00116225

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cuadrado et al (2004) point out that the accumulation of numerical and structural chromosome changes in sugarcane is caused by the reliance on vegetative propagation, which allows for a bypass of the “meiotic filter.” Aneuploid switchgrass clones could likewise persist in prairies via vigorous vegetative growth and eventually be selected for breeding programs. The sugarcane genetics/genomics community has developed a diverse set of resources and complementary approaches that switchgrass workers should emulate in molecular cytogenetics (D'Hont, 2005), breeding (Burner and Legendre, 1994), tissue culture (Rajeswari et al, 2009), and mapping (Le Cunff et al, 2008). Rapid advances in the breeding of polyploid biofuel feedstocks, based on the molecular‐genetic dissection of biomass characteristics and yield, will be predicated on the continual improvement of our understanding of the cytogenetics of these species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although mosaicism is usually associated with plant cell cultures (Larkin and Scowcroft , 1981), there is ample evidence that it is a common phenomenon in grasses (Huskins and Smith, 1932;Church, 1940;Sachs, 1952;Watanabe, 1962;Th omas and Peregrine, 1964;Nielsen, 1968;Lavania, 1987;Burner and Legendre, 1993). Based on reports of mosaicism in root tips available at the time, Church (1940) proposed that through this mechanism, autopolyploids could be produced vegetatively.…”

Section: Mosaicismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome‐size Variation in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ): Flow Cytometry and Cytology Reveal Rampant Aneuploidy

et al. 2010

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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a native perennial dominant of the prairies of North America, has been targeted as a model herbaceous species for biofeedstock development. A fl owcytometric survey of a core set of 11 primarily upland polyploid switchgrass accessions indicated that there was considerable variation in genome size within each accession, particularly at the octoploid (2n = 8X = 72 chromosome) ploidy level. Highly variable chromosome counts in mitotic cell preparations indicated that aneuploidy was more common in octoploids (86.3%) than tetraploids (23.2%). Furthermore, the incidence of hyper-versus hypoaneuploidy is equivalent in tetraploids. This is clearly not the case in octoploids, where close to 90% of the aneuploid counts are lower than the euploid number. Cytogenetic investigation using fl uorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed an unexpected degree of variation in chromosome structure underlying the apparent genomic instability of this species. These results indicate that rapid advances in the breeding of polyploid biofuel feedstocks, based on the molecular-genetic dissection of biomass characteristics and yield, will be predicated on the continual improvement of our understanding of the cytogenetics of these species. T HE GENETIC STRUCTURE of an organism has profound eff ects on all aspects of its basic biology. Th e manner in which its genes are distributed, whether in few or many chromosomes, the numbers of whole sets of chromosomes (ploidy levels) present, and the presence or absence of individual copies of chromosomes, all contribute to its phenotype. Ploidy diff erences among individuals in a population will determine mating patterns and gene fl ow, aff ecting the distribution of genetic variation both within and among individuals. In natural populations, the resulting phenotypic variation is the foundation for ecotype formation, and, ultimately, over time, can lead to speciation. In a breeding program, it is the raw material for cultivar development and improvement of the crop. Th us, a thorough knowledge of the extent of any form of genome-size variation in a study organism is a critical fi rst step for any type of genetics or genomics research program.Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been the subject of intensive and extensive agronomic and breeding research for biofeedstock production since it was

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mosaicismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐size Variation in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ): Flow Cytometry and Cytology Reveal Rampant Aneuploidy

et al. 2010

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Effect of mass selection for seed density in populations derived from Avena abyssinica x A. sativa amphidecaploids

Fritz

Sorrells

1990

Euphytica

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Seed of two heterogeneous amphidecaploid Avena populations (NY79143 and NY79148) were separated into three groups based on seed density using a commercial gravity table . Bulk populations were evaluated in a field trial to test the effect of selection for seed density on agronomic characteristics, while chromosome behavior was studied on similarly selected individual plants grown in a coldframe . Selection for seed density was associated with improved agronomic characteristics for individual plants grown in coldframes but the treatment effect was not significant in the field trial . Population and treatment effects were significant for chromosome number . Mean chromosome numbers were higher in NY79148 than in NY79143, and increased with selection for seed density . Populations did not differ for mean somatic instability but did show interactive population*treatment effects . Several generations of selection for seed density is suggested .

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Mitotic instability in two wild species of bananas (Musa acuminataandM. balbisiana) and their common cultivars in Malaysia

Choy

Teoh

2001

Caryologia

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INTRODUCTIONA botanist, Sulpiz Kurz recognized the bispecific origins of banana cultivars in 1865 (SIM-MONDS 1962). Eumusa series of banana contains the majority of commercially important cultivars, which are interspecific hybrids of two wild species of bananas, Musa acuminata Colla (AA Group) and M. balbisiana Colla (BB Group). Most of the banana cultivars are diploids or triploids. There are numerous reports on the cytological effects of these interesting genomic features. DODDS (1943) described male cytology of certain edible diploids and observed a high degree of chromosome association at first metaphase of banana meiosis. WIL- SON (1946) examined the meiosis of five triploid cultivar clones and found generally low association and great variations in pairing between cells within one sample and between samples from different places. However, it is not ploidy level alone that plays a significant role in meiotic chromosome association, but also the combinations of the interspecific hybrid genomes. For example, DODDS (1943) found that AB genome (Ney poovan) has a lower and variable chromosome pairing in comparison to AA genomes (Sucrier, Palembang, Bandé, Pisang lilin, and Tongat) among the diploids. WILSON's (1946) experiment showed that AAB genome (French Plantain) has a higher frequency of association among other triploids (AAA-Gros Michel, Pisang Masak Hijau, CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 3: 261-266, 2001 Mitotic Abstract -Eumusa series of banana contains the majority of commercially important cultivars, which are interspecific hybrids of two wild species of bananas, Musa acuminata Colla (AA Group) and Musa balbisiana Colla (BB Group). Most of the banana cultivars are diploids or triploids. Occurrences of 'laggard' and 'bridge' during anaphase were considered as aberrant. Aberrant anaphase cells were observed in the root tip cells of wild Musa acuminata Colla (AA Group) (natural and tissue cultured materials), M. balbisiana Colla (BB Group) and the common local banana cultivars: Pisang Mas (AA Group), Pisang Berangan (AAA Group), Pisang Rastali (AAB Group), Pisang Raja (AAB Group), Pisang Awak (ABB Group) and Pisang Abu Nipah (BBB Group). Frequencies of aberrant anaphase cells were scored and statistically analyzed. Results indicated that somatically, 1) cultivated bananas were more stable than wild bananas, 2) triploids were more stable than diploids and 3) M. balbisiana or B genome was more stable than M. acuminata or A genome. In addition, environmental factors played a role in mitotic stability.

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Chromosomal instability in lemon grass, Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steudel) Wats

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Genome‐size Variation in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ): Flow Cytometry and Cytology Reveal Rampant Aneuploidy

Genome‐size Variation in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ): Flow Cytometry and Cytology Reveal Rampant Aneuploidy

Effect of mass selection for seed density in populations derived from Avena abyssinica x A. sativa amphidecaploids

Mitotic instability in two wild species of bananas (Musa acuminataandM. balbisiana) and their common cultivars in Malaysia

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