Chromosomal
            <i>aadD2</i>
            Encodes an Aminoglycoside Nucleotidyltransferase in
            <i>Bacillus clausii</i>

Bozdoğan, Bülent; Galopin, Sébastien; Gerbaud, Guy; Courvalin, Patrice; Leclercq, Roland

doi:10.1128/aac.47.4.1343-1346.2003

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…We have recently shown that resistance to aminoglycosides was due to the synthesis of an aminoglycosideinactivating enzyme encoded by an aadD2 chromosomal gene (3). In this study, we have shown that resistance to macrolides was associated with the presence of an erm (34) gene that has not been characterized or found in other bacteria so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Characterization of a New erm -Related Macrolide Resistance Gene Present in Probiotic Strains of Bacillus clausii

Bozdoğan

Galopin

Leclercq

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The mechanism of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins B was studied in four Bacillus clausii strains that are mixed in a probiotic administered to humans for prevention of gastrointestinal side effects due to oral antibiotic chemotherapy and in three reference strains of B. clausii, DSM8716, ATCC 21536, and ATCC 21537. An 846-bp gene called erm(34), which is related to the erm genes conferring resistance to these antibiotics by ribosomal methylation, was cloned from total DNA of B. clausii DSM8716 into Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence presented 61% identity with that of Erm(D) from B. licheniformis, B. halodurans, and B. anthracis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of total DNA digested by I-CeuI, followed by hybridization with an erm(34)-specific probe, indicated a chromosomal location of the gene in all B. clausii strains. Repeated attempts to transfer resistance to macrolides by conjugation from B. clausii strains to Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2, E. faecium HM1070, and B. subtilis UCN19 were unsuccessful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The B. clausii probiotic strains are resistant to clinically important antibiotics, including macrolides and aminoglycosides (3,22). We have recently shown that resistance to aminoglycosides was due to the synthesis of an aminoglycosideinactivating enzyme encoded by an aadD2 chromosomal gene (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a New erm -Related Macrolide Resistance Gene Present in Probiotic Strains of Bacillus clausii

Bozdoğan

Galopin

Leclercq

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…B. clausii possesses an intrinsic resistance to the penicillins, cephaolosporins, aminoglycosides, and the macrolides; an acquired resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol and finally a resistance to rifampicin due to a chromosomal mutation. Of note, none of the genes involved in these mechanisms are associated to a known mobile plasmidic element, placing the possibility of horizontal transfer at the lowest degree (43,44).…”

Section: The Biochemical Properties Of B Clausiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus clausii and gut homeostasis: state of the art and future perspectives

Lopetuso

Scaldaferri

Franceschi

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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The application of preparations containing B. clausii in the treatment or prevention of gut phisiology impairment has been largely supported in the last years and has driven its clinical applications. This review focuses on B. clausii clinical applications and speculates on the possible interactions among B. clausii, gut barrier and immune system and on the consequences of this interplay in modulating human health. Expert commentary: Its favorable effects have been linked to several properties, such as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity, regulation of cell growth and differentiation, cell-cell signaling, cell adhesion, signal transcription and transduction, production of vitamins and gut protection from genotoxic agents. In this scenario, future studies will need to better clarify its mechanisms of action and focus on the possible role of B. clausii in modulating gut immune system.

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“…The chromosomal location of the ␤-lactamase genes was determined in whole-cell DNAs of B. clausii NR and ATCC 21537 by using the I-CeuI technique (4,24). Electrophoresis was performed with a CHEF-DRII apparatus (Bio-Rad) used for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), as described elsewhere (24), at 14°C and 5 V/cm with a 120°switch angle, with one linear switch ramp of 20 to 120 s for 15 h and a second one of 60 to 100 s for 12 h. The sizes of the I-CeuI-generated fragments were determined by comparison with those of E. coli K-12 (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to erythromycin is one of the reported features of B. clausii (3,10), due to the presence of an erm-related gene (5). B. clausii strains are also resistant to penicillin G, cephalothin, and cefotaxime (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of the Chromosome-Encoded Class A β-Lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii

Girlich

Leclercq

Naas

et al. 2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A chromosomal ␤-lactamase gene from Bacillus clausii NR, which is used as a probiotic, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. It encodes a clavulanic acid-susceptible Ambler class A ␤-lactamase, BCL-1, with a pI of 5.5 and a molecular mass of ca. 32 kDa. It shares 91% and 62% amino acid identity with the chromosomally encoded PenP penicillinases from B. clausii KSM-K16 and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. The hydrolytic profile of this ␤-lactamase includes penicillins, narrow-spectrum cephalosporins, and cefpirome. This chromosome-encoded enzyme was inducible in B. clausii, and its gene is likely related to upstreamlocated regulatory genes that share significant identity with those reported to be upstream of the penicillinase gene of B. licheniformis. The bla BCL-1 gene was located next to the known chromosomal aadD2 gene and the erm34 gene, which encode resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides, respectively. Similar genes were found in a collection of B. clausii reference strains.Bacillus species are used as probiotics in both humans and animals for the prevention of infectious bacterial diarrhea (8,10,18,28) or preneoplastic lesions (29). Enterogermina (SanofiAventis, Milan, Italy) is a pharmaceutical preparation containing an aqueous suspension of a mix of viable antibiotic-resistant alkaliphilic Bacillus clausii strains (NR, OC, SIN, and T) (10), initially identified as Bacillus subtilis (37). B. clausii spores are able to germinate after exposure to acidic pH in the stomach and to grow in the presence of bile and with a limited amount of oxygen, consistent with the beneficial health effect of probiotics (8). In their vegetative form, B. clausii strains are able to induce an immune response (39), as recently described for "Bacillus polyfermenticus" (22). Bacillus spores are used as probiotics, although they may carry antibiotic resistance determinants and express toxins (14,19). Resistance to erythromycin is one of the reported features of B. clausii (3, 10), due to the presence of an erm-related gene (5). B. clausii strains are also resistant to penicillin G, cephalothin, and cefotaxime (4).Therefore, it was interesting to determine the resistance determinants responsible for resistance phenotype in B. clausii. The study was initiated with one of the strains, B. clausii NR, present in the Enterogermina mixture and with the B. clausii reference strain ATCC 21537. A ␤-lactamase with an uncommon hydrolytic profile that included cefpirome was characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. B. clausii NR, SIN, T, OC, and DSM 8716 were from Sanofi-Aventis. B. clausii ATCC 21537 was used as a reference strain. Most of the work reported below was performed in parallel with B. clausii NR and ATCC 21537 strains. Escherichia coli DH10B and E. coli BL21(DE3) (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Cergy-Pontoise, France) were used for cloning experiments and ␤-lactamase overexpression, respectively (17).Antimicrobial agents and MIC determinations. The antimicrobial agents and their sources are described ...

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Chromosomal aadD2 Encodes an Aminoglycoside Nucleotidyltransferase in Bacillus clausii

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of a New erm -Related Macrolide Resistance Gene Present in Probiotic Strains of Bacillus clausii

Characterization of a New erm -Related Macrolide Resistance Gene Present in Probiotic Strains of Bacillus clausii

Bacillus clausii and gut homeostasis: state of the art and future perspectives

Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of the Chromosome-Encoded Class A β-Lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii

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