Chromosomal damage in human leukocytes induced by lysergic acid diethylamide

Cohen, Maimon M.; Marinello, Michelle J.; Back, Nathan

doi:10.1037/e440272008-015

Cited by 110 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…These concerns stem from an anti-LSD media campaign by the United States government in the late 1960s that was based on and followed soon after initial reports (Cohen, Hirschhorn and Frosch, 1967; Cohen, Marinello and Back, 1967; Irwin and Egozcue, 1967) suggesting LSD caused chromosomal damage in human leukocytes (Ott, 1996; Weil, 2004). This campaign included pictures of deformed children (Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1979) at a time when the thalidomide tragedies of a decade earlier were relatively fresh in the public’s memory (Ott, 1996).…”

Section: Unique Risks Of Human Hallucinogen Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety

2008

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There has recently been a renewal of human research with classical hallucinogens (psychedelics). This paper first briefly discusses the unique history of human hallucinogen research, and then reviews the risks of hallucinogen administration and safeguards for minimizing these risks. Although hallucinogens are relatively safe physiologically and are not considered drugs of dependence, their administration involves unique psychological risks. The most likely risk is overwhelming distress during drug action (“bad trip”), which could lead to potentially dangerous behavior such as leaving the study site. Less common are prolonged psychoses triggered by hallucinogens. Safeguards against these risks include the exclusion of volunteers with personal or family history of psychotic disorders or other severe psychiatric disorders, establishing trust and rapport between session monitors and volunteer before the session, careful volunteer preparation, a safe physical session environment, and interpersonal support from at least two study monitors during the session. Investigators should probe for the relatively rare hallucinogen persisting perception disorder in follow up contact. Persisting adverse reactions are rare when research is conducted along these guidelines. Incautious research may jeopardize participant safety and future research. However, carefully conducted research may inform the treatment of psychiatric disorders, and may lead to advances in basic science.

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Section: Unique Risks Of Human Hallucinogen Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety

2008

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“…This is also the case with damage induced by various clastogens: ionizing radiation (Sax 1940;Sparrow 1951;Rieger & Michaelis 1959;Evans 1961;Evans & Bigger 1961;Kumar & Natarajan 1966), a number of chemicals, such as hydroxylamine (Somers and llsu 1962;Natarajan & Upadhya 1964;BrCgger 197 lb), mitomycin C (Cohen & Shaw 1964;Br~bgger & Johansen 1972;Morad et al 1973;Br~bgger 1974), methylmethanesulphonate (Bragger 1975), LSD (Cohen et al 1967) and psoralen/UVA (Waksvik et al 1977). Virus also seems to act specifically in certain chromosome regions (Aula 1965).…”

Section: Chromosome Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Superchromosomal organization and its cytogenetic consequences in the Eukaryota

Chiarelli

Brøgger²

1978

Genetica

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“…Chromatid gaps were the commonest aberration, and chromatid exchange the rarest, being recorded in only about 01°,% of cells. A high percentage of chromatid aberrations was recorded in patients after irradiation (Court Brown, Buckton, and McLean, 1965), after exposure to drugs (Ryan, Boddington, and Spriggs, 1965;Cohen, Marinello, and Back, 1967), and after viral infections (Nichols, 1966). It also occurs in certain congenital syndromes such as Fanconi's anaemia (Swift and Hirschhorn, 1966) and Bloom's syndrome (Sawitsky, Bloom, and German, 1966).…”

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confidence: 99%