Chromosomal damage in human diploid fibroblasts by intermittent exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields

Effects of 3 Hz and 60 Hz Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Anxiety-Like Behaviors, Memory Retention of Passive Avoidance and Electrophysiological Properties of Male Rats

“…Numerous investigations, from monitoring changes at molecular levels to the behavioral aspects, have been carried out in vitro and in vivo in order to illustrate different effects of ELF/EMF e.g., its impacts on cells, 1 hormones, [2][3][4][5][6] neurophysiological properties and sleep, 7,8 biochemical factors and metabolism, 9-11 pathology, 12,13 DNA damages and chromosome abnormalities, [14][15][16][17][18][19] reproduction and development, 20 and cancer. [21][22][23] On the other hand, the fact that central nervous system (CNS) as a very complicated electrochemical system may be influenced by electromagnetic fields attracts many researches interests.…”

Effect of ELF-EMF on antioxidant status and micronuclei in K562 cells and normal lymphocytes

“…However, EMF could contribute to DNA damage through the action of free radical species [3,6]. Moreover, several hypotheses such as induction of electric currents, increased free-radical activity or acceleration of electron transfer in different enzymes and proteins have been proposed, but have not been proven yet [20]. It is important to mention that 100 µT magnetic flux density, used in our work, is amongst the higher flux densities used in laboratory studies aimed at elucidating the biological effects of ELF-EMF and recommended by the SCENIHR [2].…”

The effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on mutation induction in mice

“…Further studies were performed within the REFLEX programme which analysed different genotoxic endpoints. ELF-MF exposure of intermittent fields (5 min on/10 min off) at a flux density of 1 mT for 10 hours resulted in a significant 3-fold increase in micronuclei and a 10-fold increase in chromosomal aberration frequency above sham-exposure levels (Winker et al, 2005). Several subsequent studies have attempted to replicate these positive findings in a bid to finally obtain a general consensus of consistent data, however Scarfi et al (2005) failed to confirm the REFLEX programme's findings using the alkaline comet and micronucleus assays, despite using identical fibroblast line and exposure conditions.…”

“…A series of studies from several laboratories ultimately led to a plethora of publications analysing the genotoxic effects of ELF-MF exposure (Ivancsits et al, 2002, 2003b, Winker et al, 2005. The initial study was established to analyse the effects of continuous exposure to a 50 Hz sinusoidally magnetic field of 1 mT for 24 hours on cultured human diploid fibroblasts (Ivancsits et al, 2002).…”

“…However, the present study was also designed, in part, in comparison to those previously conducted via the REFLEX programme (Ivancsits et al, 2002(Ivancsits et al, , 2003bWinker et al, 2005), in which exposure to intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures resembling doses near the IARC environmental safe-guards resulted in an increase in DSBs. As has been mentioned, the data of this current study are in contrast to those previously presented by the REFLEX programme (Ivancsits et al, 2002(Ivancsits et al, , 2003bWinker et al, 2005).…”