“…PIMs as membrane based optical sensors have been used to quantify different metals by spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, or color-intensity measurements, among others (e.g., Al(III) in lake and river water samples [3,13,14], Cu(II) in river water and isotonic seawater samples [13,29], Co(II) in tap water, seawater, and wastewater samples [6,27], Fe(III) in isotonic seawaters [29], Hg(II) in surface and groundwater samples [15,18], Pb(II) in plastic toys and tap water samples [33], Tl(I) in aqueous solution [17] and Zn(II) in pharmaceuticals samples, vitamin-mineral drinks, food supplements and foot health care products [12,29]).…”