Chromophores for Optical Power Limiting

Bretonnière, Yann; Andraud, Chantal

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3872-2_12

Cited by 3 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…85 The ability of 2PA to enhance RSA is well known. 17,19 Further improving the quantum yield of intersystem crossing from 92% did not improve OPL performance in any meaningful way. Changing the linear absorption to a direct forbidden transition into the triplet state did not improve the performance significantly during the most important parts of the pulse.…”

Section: Model Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 The design of chromophores with effective RSA in new wavelength ranges or having a more advantageous nonlinear performance to linear absorption trade-off is ongoing. 17,40,41 To gain an understanding of the behavior of RSA materials, the five-level model above is often implemented as a numerical population model. 12,13,18,19,28,35,42 These are often coupled to beam-propagation models to simulate the effect of a material with depth and the shape of the laser spot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Although its intensity dependence makes it a mechanism suitable for shorter subnanosecond pulse lengths, in combination with RSA it can also increase the performance for nanosecond OPL. [17][18][19] This combination of mechanisms is sometimes called three-photon absorption (3PA). 17 Early promising materials for OPL include King's complex and C-60 with variants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19] This combination of mechanisms is sometimes called three-photon absorption (3PA). 17 Early promising materials for OPL include King's complex and C-60 with variants. 9,20,21 Both King's complex and C-60 variants show both RSA and nonlinear scattering in solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to assess good candidate molecules for self-activated optical power limiting

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Reverse saturable absorbers have shown great potential to attenuate laser radiation. Good candidate molecules and various particles have successfully been incorporated into different glass matrices, enabling the creation of self-activated filters against damaging laser radiation. Although the performance of such filters has been impressive, work is still ongoing to improve the performance in a wider range of wavelengths and pulse widths. The purpose of this tutorial is, from an optical engineering perspective, to give an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of this class of smart materials, how relevant photophysical parameters are measured and influence system performance and comment on the pitfalls in experimental evaluation of materials. A numerical population model in combination with simple physical formulas is used to demonstrate system behavior from a performance standpoint. Geometrical reasoning shows the advantage of reverse saturable absorption over nonlinear scattering due to a fraction of scattered light being recollected by imaging system optics. The numerical population model illustrates the importance of the optical power limiting performance during the leading edge of a nanosecond pulse, which is most strongly influenced by changes in the two-photon absorption cross section and the triplet linear absorption cross section for a modeled Pt-acetylide. This tutorial not only targets optical engineers evaluating reverse saturable absorbing materials but also aims to assist researchers with a chemistry background working on optical power limiting materials. We also present photophysical data for a series of coumarins that can be useful for the determination of quantum yields and two-photon cross sections and show examples of characterization of molecules with excited triplet states.

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Section: Model Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to assess good candidate molecules for self-activated optical power limiting

et al. 2018

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“…2PA in combination with RSA [21,59,Introduction 60]. To increase the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate into a highly absorbing triplet state, a heavy metal atom such as Platinum is often used [21,59,60].…”

Section: Chromophores For Optical Power Limitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear materials for optical power limiting : characterization and modelling

Lundén

2019

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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An Optical Power Limiting and Ultrafast Photophysics Investigation of a Series of Multi-Branched Heavy Atom Substituted Fluorene Molecules

et al. 2019

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A common molecular design paradigm for optical power limiting (OPL) applications is to introduce heavy atoms that promote intersystem crossing and triplet excited states. In order to investigate this effect, three multi-branched fluorene molecules were prepared where the central moiety was either an organic benzene unit, para-dibromobenzene, or a platinum(II)–alkynyl unit. All three molecules showed good nanosecond OPL performance in solution. However, only the dibromobenzene and Pt–alkynyl compounds showed strong microsecond triplet excited state absorption (ESA). To investigate the photophysical cause of the OPL, especially for the fully organic molecule, photokinetic measurements including ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy were performed. At nanosecond timescales, the ESA of the organic molecule was larger than the two with intersystem crossing (ISC) promoters, explaining its good OPL performance. This points to a design strategy where the singlet-state ESA is balanced with the ISC rate to increase OPL performance at the beginning of a nanosecond pulse.

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Chromophores for Optical Power Limiting

Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

How to assess good candidate molecules for self-activated optical power limiting

How to assess good candidate molecules for self-activated optical power limiting

Nonlinear materials for optical power limiting : characterization and modelling

An Optical Power Limiting and Ultrafast Photophysics Investigation of a Series of Multi-Branched Heavy Atom Substituted Fluorene Molecules

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