Chromogenic Materials

Lötzsch, D.; Eberhardt, Volker; Rabe, Christian

doi:10.1002/14356007.t07_t01

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Smart materials that dynamically adjust their optical properties in response to external changes in a predetermined manner are promising options for stimuli-responsive radiative cooling applications. 85 Radiative cooling capability is closely related to the inherent nature of the materials used. Employing materials that change their properties in response to external stimuli can achieve stimuli-responsive radiative cooling strategies.…”

Section: ■ Stimuli-responsive Design For Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Radiative and/or Evaporative Cooling Materials for Carbon Neutrality

Shang,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Energy Lett.

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Radiative cooling cools by radiating heat toward outer space. Evaporative cooling cools by dispatching the latent heat of water via evaporation. These two types of cooling operate without additional pollutant generation. Hydrogel is the one substance that can combine the above two cooling strategies and thus holds high promise to facilitate the construction of a carbon neutral society. This review article first documents the basic principles related to passive cooling, evaporative cooling, heat transfer, and light modulation. Then, the general considerations for hydrogel-based cooling materials are summarized. Third, stimuli-responsive hydrogel-based cooling systems are systematically discussed from aspects of operation mechanisms as well as material selections. Lastly, typical applications of hydrogel-based radiative and/or evaporative cooling materials in buildings, electronic devices, and wearable devices are discussed. Challenges for further development of the hydrogel-based cooling materials are discussed as ending remarks.

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Section: ■ Stimuli-responsive Design For Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Radiative and/or Evaporative Cooling Materials for Carbon Neutrality

Shang,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Energy Lett.

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“…Polymers that have the ability to change their absorption and/or fluorescence color upon exposure to a specific stimulus are useful in a diverse range of sensor applications; accordingly, examples of such chromogenic materials are abundant, and many different mechanisms for the design of stimuli-responsive (fluorescence) color changing polymers have been developed over the years. − For example, the use of chemical binding to specific motifs has proved popular in accessing chemosensing materials. Here, the binding of the chemical analyte to a chromophore within the polymer results in a color or fluorescence change (e.g., Figure A). − Another general approach is the use of chromophores whose photophysical properties can be switched upon exposing the polymer system to heat, light, or mechanical stress, typically as a result of a (reversible) molecular rearrangement or a change of the assembly state.…”

Section: Stimuli-responsive Materials: the Basic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

50th Anniversary Perspective: Solid-State Multistimuli, Multiresponsive Polymeric Materials

Herbert¹,

et al. 2017

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The field of stimuli-responsive polymers has grown in the past three decades from a few obscure examples to one of the most vibrant domains of modern macromolecular science. Indeed, the research, development, and implementation of tailored materials that can respond in predefined ways to specific stimuli now cut across most areas in which “traditional” polymers play a role, and an ever-growing range of commercial products benefits from this class of materials. This Perspective is devoted to multistimuli, multiresponsive (MSMR) polymers, which are those materials that are able to respond to multiple, different stimuli with multiple, distinct responses. Somewhat akin to living systems, which have evolved to adapt and respond in complex ways to (combinations of) different environmental cues, MSMR polymers can offer a broad range of complex properties and functions. While much of the work on MSMR polymers has been devoted to the investigation of solutions or gels, this Perspective concentrates on solid materials, as this is the state of matter in which the vast majority of polymers are currently employed. In a tutorial fashion, an outline of some of the most common mechanisms used to implement stimuli-responsive behavior in polymer solids is provided. To convey a glimpse of the potential and the challenges of these general design principles, select examples of materials that display multistimuli, single-response as well as single-stimulus multiresponse behavior are presented, before polymeric materials that are truly multistimuli, multiresponsive are discussed, and an outlook on possible directions that future work in the field may take is presented.

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“…In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the design of chromogenic derivatives as supramolecular hosts for the sensing of cations and anions or biomedical applications . In addition, the study of chromogenic molecules with novel optical properties plays a crucial role in the development of high-performance chromogenic materials . Among chromogenic phenomena, solvatochromism is one of the most studied and consists in a change of absorption and/or emission spectra of a chromophore by changing the solvent polarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromogenic Properties of p-Pyridinium- and p-Viologen-Calixarenes and Their Cation-Sensing Abilities

et al. 2021

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The synthesis of calix[4]- and -[6]arene derivatives P6 (H) 2 2+ ·(Cl – ) 2 , V4 (H) 2 4+ ·(Cl – ) 2 ·(I – ) 2 , and V6 (H) 2 4+ ·(Cl – ) 2 ·(I – ) 2 bearing N -linked pyridinium ( P ) and viologen ( V ) units at the upper rim is described here. A rare example of an anionic conformational template is reported for p -pyridiniumcalix[6]arene P6 (H) 2 2+ , which adopts a 1,3,5-alternate conformation in the presence of chloride anions. Derivatives P6 (H) 2 2+ ·(Cl – ) 2 , V6 (H) 2 4+ ·(Cl – ) 2 ·(I – ) 2 , and V4 (H) 2 4+ ·(Cl – ) 2 ·(I – ) 2 show a negative solvatochromism, while their UV–vis acid–base titration evidenced that upon addition of a base, new bands appear at 487, 583, and 686 nm, respectively, due to the formation of betainic monodeprotonated species P6 (H) 1 + , V6 (H) 1 3+ , and V4 (H) 1 3+ . These new bands were attributable to the intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) transition from the phenoxide to the pyridinium or viologen moiety and were responsive to the presence of cations. In fact, the band at 487 nm of P6 (H) 1 + was quenched in the presence of a hard Li + cation, and the color of its acetonitrile solution was changed from pink to colorless upon addition of LiI. Consequently, this derivative can be considered as a useful host for the recognition and sensing of lithium cations.

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Chromogenic Materials

Cited by 7 publications

References 148 publications

Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Radiative and/or Evaporative Cooling Materials for Carbon Neutrality

Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Radiative and/or Evaporative Cooling Materials for Carbon Neutrality

50th Anniversary Perspective: Solid-State Multistimuli, Multiresponsive Polymeric Materials

Chromogenic Properties of p-Pyridinium- and p-Viologen-Calixarenes and Their Cation-Sensing Abilities

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