“…The following compounds were prepared by literature methods: p - tert -butylphenyl 4,6-di- O -acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α- d - erythro -hex-2-enopyranoside, p - tert -butyl phenyl 4,6-di- O -benzyl-2,3-dideoxy-α- d - erythro -hex-2-enopyranoside ( 1a ), p - tert -butylphenyl 4- O -benzyl-2,3,6-trideoxy-α- l - erythro -hex-2-enopyranoside ( 20 ), PdCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2, PdCl 2 (dppf), NiCl 2 (dppe), NiCl 2 (dppp), NiCl 2 (dppb), NiCl 2 (dpppe), NiCl 2 (dppf), NiCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , 1-bromo-4-[( tert -butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]benzene, 4-bromobenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, and 1-bromo-4-(methoxymethoxy)benzene …”