Chromium supplementation in impaired glucose tolerance of elderly: effects on blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and lipid levels

Uusitupa, Matti; Mykkänen, Leena; Siitonen, Onni; Laakso, Markku; Sarlund, Helena; Kolehmainen, Päivi; Räsänen, Tiina; Kumpulainen, Jorma; Pyörälä, K

doi:10.1079/bjn19920078

Cited by 88 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Among the nine studies of participants with glucose intolerance (20,(32)(33)(34)39,46,53,54,58), only Anderson et al (32,33), in two separate studies of 200 g/day chromium chloride, reported statistically significant improvements in postload glucose levels with chromium supplementation: in one, an 8% reduction in 4-h AUC-Glu (but not in 3-h AUCGlu) and in the other a 1.1 mmol/l reduction in 90-min postload glucose. Other studies of all four chromium formulations reported nonsignificant changes in AUC-Glu of Ϫ21 to ϩ3% and in various timed postload glucose levels of Ϫ1.5 to ϩ0.4 mmol/l.…”

Section: Participants With Glucose Intolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anderson et al (44) found a dose effect where high doses of chromium picolinate (1,000 g/day) were more effective than low doses (200 g/day, P Ͻ 0.05), but Kleefstra et al (45) found no difference between 1,000 and 500 g/ day. No study of participants with glucose intolerance found a statistically significant effect of chromium supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin (20,39,51).…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants with glucose intolerance Eight studies with 11 arms included participants with glucose intolerance (20,(32)(33)(34)39,40,53,54) (Fig. 2B).…”

Section: Balk and Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

Tatsioni²,

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -A systematic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A literature search was conducted in MED-LINE and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. Eligible studies were English language randomized controlled trials of chromium supplement intake Ն3 weeks, with Ն10 participants receiving chromium. All trials with glucose metabolism outcomes and trials of individuals with diabetes or glucose intolerance for lipid outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed as appropriate.RESULTS -Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by Ϫ0.6% (95% CI Ϫ0.9 to Ϫ0.2) and fasting glucose by Ϫ1.0 mmol/l (Ϫ1.4 to Ϫ0.5) but not lipids. There was no benefit in individuals without diabetes. There were some indications of dose effect and differences among chromium formulations. Larger effects were more commonly observed in poor-quality studies. The evidence was limited by poor study quality, heterogeneity in methodology and results, and a lack of consensus on assessment of chromium status.CONCLUSIONS -No significant effect of chromium on lipid or glucose metabolism was found in people without diabetes. Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes. However, future studies that address the limitations in the current evidence are needed before definitive claims can be made about the effect of chromium supplementation. Diabetes Care 30:2154-2163, 2007C hromium is an essential mineral that is thought to be necessary for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis (1-3). Trivalent chromium in a complex known as glucose tolerance factor is considered the biologically active form. It was originally discovered in brewer's yeast (4). Chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate are commonly used formulations of trivalent chromium. Chromium picolinate is a formulation designed to improve absorption (5). Severe chromium deficiency is known to cause reversible insulin resistance and diabetes (6 -8). However, the effect of chromium supplementation in individuals who are not severely chromium deficient is unclear. Manufacturers aggressively promote the benefits of chromium in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its associated conditions (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease), and the public has embraced its use. Chromium supplement sales represent ϳ6% of the U.S. mineral supplement market (9).To clarify the role of chromium supplementation in the prevention and management of abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of chromium supplement intake on glucose metabolism and lipid profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Literature search and eligibility criteriaWe conducted a systematic review of the English-language literature on the effects of chromium supplementa...

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Section: Participants With Glucose Intolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

Tatsioni²,

et al. 2007

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“…44 This will, however, not necessarily mean that the risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance is increased. Uusitupa et al 45 found that although elderly subjects in Finland consumed on averagè 30 mg.day 71 of Cr, this was not found to be an important risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance. Long-term supplementation of 160 mg Cr per day was not effective in normalizing glucose and insulin metabolism.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Cr-pic On Blood Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of long-term supplementation of carbohydrate, chromium, fibre and caffeine on weight maintenance

1997

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether supplementation of carbohydrate, chromium, dietary ®bre and caffeine is effective for maintenance of weight-loss in the long-term. DESIGN: A longitudinal, double-blind, randomly assigned intervention study of 16 months with supplementation of either 50g of carbohydrates (CHO), 200 m mg chromium-picolinate (Cr-Pic), 20g of soluble ®bre plus 100 mg caffeine (CHO ) or 50g of plain CHO, for 16 months besides a very low energy diet (VLED) during the ®rst two months. SUBJECTS: Thirtythree female obese subjects (age, 34.8 AE 7.0 y; body weight (BW): 85.5 AE 10.0 kg; body mass index (BMI) 31.2 AE 3.7 kg.m 72 ) participated, 13 subjects were supplemented with CHO , 11 subjects were supplemented with CHO and 9 subjects served as a control group. MEASUREMENTS: BW, body composition, energy intake and blood parameters were measured before the VLED (0), after the VLED at 2 months (2), and at 4, 10 and 16 months. RESULTS: The amount and course of relapse of BW was equal for the supplemented and control groups. The average regain at 16 months (the weight gained as a percentage of the total weight loss during the VLED) was 66.1 AE 81.2%, and was not different between the groups. No differences in body composition were found between the groups at 16 months. The CHO supplements resulted in signi®cantly elevated energy percentage (En %) intake of CHO daily, in both supplemented groups, although this did not result in less regain. Pearson correlation analysis for all subjects revealed that the more fat consumed, the more regain was found at 16 months (r 0.41, P`0.05). A high CHO consumption was correlated with less regain (r 70.40, P 0.05). Furthermore, chromium intake did not result in signi®cant changes in blood parameters and body composition. CONCLUSION: Although additional supplementation of CHO, chromium, dietary ®bre and caffeine intake did not affect BW, the En % CHO daily was increased signi®cantly. Our results indicate that a high En % intake of CHO and a low En % intake of fat daily is bene®cial for prevention of weight regain.

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“…Many products available on the market contain chromium compounds used as a dietary supplement enhancing the digestion of lipids, and their use is based on studies indicating that chromium together with insulin increase the use of glucose (SHERMAN et al 1968, UUSITUPA et al 1992, AMATO et al 2000, TROW et al 2000, MIZERSKA et al 2005. The process of digestion of lipids starts in the stomach under the effect of sublingual lipase and lipase secreted by the gastric mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on adsorption of fatty and bile acids in the presence of dietary supplements containing chromium

Meier¹,

Grimling²,

Pluta³

2012

J. Elem.

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Dietary supplements contain not only macro-and microelements, but also elements which affect human metabolism. Many products available on the market contain chromium compounds together with chitosan used as a dietary supplement enhancing the digestion of lipids. The studies involved natural chitosan from krill available on the market, with the deacetylation degree of 85 to 95%, and dietary supplements containing chitosan (Vitana ® , Hitec Nutrition ® ) as well as a product containing ionic chromium with niacin and several aminoacids -Chromdiet ® ). The study has determined the capability of binding fatty and bile acids by dietary supplements containing chitosan and chromium. The process of lipids and bile acids adsorption was investigated by means of a dynamic method in a biopharmaceutical model imitating in vitro conditions. The findings prove that extracts of fatty acids and bile acids undergo adsorption by various kinds of adjuvant substances found in dietary supplements, which confirms a significant effect of these polymers on the bioavailability of fatty and bile acids in a human organism. The addition of chromium to a supplement does not effect the capability of chitosan to bind fatty and bile acids. Mean adsorption of bile acids by 1 g of the polymer (chitosan, inulin, fibre) ranges from 0.9 g to 1.79 g depending on the pH (which decreases the bioavailability of lipids by 15-30%).Key words: chitosans, chromium, bioavability, adsorption, model in vitro. 142 BADANIE SORPCJI KWASÓW T£USZCZOWYCH I CHOLOWYCH W OBECNOOECI SUPLEMENTÓW DIETY ZAWIERAJ¥CYCH CHROM AbstraktSuplementy diety to nie tylko makro-i mikroelementy, ale te¿ pierwiastki, które wykazuj¹ wp³yw na przemiany metaboliczne organizmu. Obecnie na rynku jest sporo preparatów zawieraj¹cych zwi¹zki chromu wraz z chitozanem stosowanych jako dodatek ¿ywie-niowy wspomagaj¹cy trawienie t³uszczowców. W pracy przebadano naturalny chitozan z kryla o stopniu deacetylacji od 85 do 95% wystêpuj¹cy obecnie w sprzeda¿y rynkowej oraz preparaty zawieraj¹ce chitozany, stosowane jako suplementy diety (Vitana ® , Hitec Nutrition ® oraz preparat zawieraj¹cy chrom-Chromdiet ® ). Okreoelono zdolnooeci wi¹zania t³usz-czowców i kwasów ¿ó³ciowych przez suplementy diety zawieraj¹ce chrom i chitozan. Zjawisko adsorpcji lipidów i kwasów ¿ó³ciowych badano metod¹ dynamiczn¹ w modelu biofarmaceutycznym imituj¹cym warunki in vitro. Otrzymane wyniki dowodz¹, ¿e kwasy t³uszczowe i ekstrakty kwasów ¿ó³ciowych ulegaj¹ adsorpcji przez ró¿nego rodzaju substancje pomocnicze s³u¿¹ce do wytworzenia suplementu diety, co potwierdza znacz¹cy wp³yw tych polimerów na biodostêpnooeae kwasów t³uszczowych i ¿ó³ciowych w organizmie cz³owie-ka. OErednia wielkooeae adsorpcji kwasów ¿ó³ciowych przez 1 g polimeru w zale¿nooeci od pH oerodowiska mieoeci³a siê w granicach od 0,90 g do 1,79 g (daje to zmniejszenie biodostêpno-oeci t³uszczowców o 15-30%).S³owa kluczowe: chitozan, chrom, biodostêpnooeae, adsorpcja, model in vitro.

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Chromium supplementation in impaired glucose tolerance of elderly: effects on blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and lipid levels

Abstract: - ~~~_Altogether twenty-six elderly subjects (aged 65-74 years) with persistent impaired glucose tolerance (World Health Organization (1985) criteria) identified in a population-based study, were randomly treated either with chromium-rich yeast (160 pg Cr/d) or with placebo for 6 months.

Cited by 88 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

The effectiveness of long-term supplementation of carbohydrate, chromium, fibre and caffeine on weight maintenance

Investigation on adsorption of fatty and bile acids in the presence of dietary supplements containing chromium

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