Chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Morris, B W; Kouta, S.; Robinson, R.; MacNeil, Sheila; Heller, Simon

doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00342.x

Cited by 58 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Consistently, reduced levels of chromium have been documented in diabetic subjects with existing cardiovascular diseases (10,11). Clinical trials have indicated that supplementation with chromium chloride or low-molecular weight complexes of chromium can lower blood glucose levels in the diabetic patient (12). Recent evidence suggests that low-molecular weight organic chromium complexes possess better bioavailability compared with chromium salts (2% to 5% vs. 0.5% to 2%), leading to the development of low-molecular weight organic complexes of chromium as therapeutic agents to counter the diminished insulin effect (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)₃ Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

Dong

Yang

Nair

et al. 2007

Obesity

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DONG, FENG, XIAOPING YANG, NAIR SREEJAYAN, AND JUN REN. Chromium (D-phenylalanine) 3 improves obesity-induced cardiac contractile defect in ob/ob mice. Obesity. 2007;15:2699 -2711. Objective: Low-molecular weight chromium compounds, such as chromium picolinate [Cr(pic) 3 ], improve insulin sensitivity, although toxicity is a concern. We synthesized a novel chromium complex, chromium (D-phenylalanine) 3 [Cr(D-phe) 3 ], in an attempt to improve insulin sensitivity with reduced toxicity. The aim of this study was to compare the two chromium compounds on cardiac contractile function in ob/ob obese mice. Research Methods and Procedures: C57BL lean and ob/ob obese mice were randomly divided into three groups: H 2 O, Cr(D-phe) 3 , or Cr(pic) 3 (45 g/kg per day orally for 6 months). Results:The glucose tolerance test displayed improved glucose clearance by Cr(D-phe) 3 but not Cr(pic) 3 . Myocytes from ob/ob mice exhibited depressed peak shortening (PS) and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (ϮdL/ dt), prolonged time-to-PS and time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), reduced electrically stimulated rise in intracellular Ca 2ϩ (⌬fura-2 fluorescence intensity), and slowed intracellular Ca 2ϩ decay. Although a 3-month Cr(D-phe) 3 treatment for a separate group of ob/ob and lean 2-month-old mice only rectified reduced ϮdL/dt in ob/ob mice, all mechanical and intracellular Ca 2ϩ abnormalities were significantly attenuated or ablated by 6 months of Cr(D-phe) 3 but not Cr(pic) 3 treatment (except TR90). Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2ϩ ATPase activity and Na ϩ -Ca 2ϩ exchanger expression were depressed in ob/ob mice, which were reversed by both Cr(D-phe) 3 and Cr(pic) 3 , with a more pronounced effect from Cr(D-phe) 3 . Cr(D-phe) 3 corrected reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and improved basal phosphorylation of Akt and insulin receptor, as well as insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and insulin receptor in ob/ob myocytes. Heart homogenates from ob/ob mice had enhanced oxidative stress and protein carbonyl formation compared with the lean group, which were attenuated by both Cr(D-phe) 3 and Cr(pic) 3 . Discussion: Our data suggest that the new Cr(D-phe) 3 compound possesses better cardio-protective and insulin-sensitizing properties against obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)₃ Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

Dong

Yang

Nair

et al. 2007

Obesity

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“…The complex being green in color, the above two bands are due to the absorption in yellow and blue parts of the spectrum. These absorptions are due to the spin allowed transitions 4 T 2g ‹ 4 A 2g (m 1 ) and 4 T 1g (F) ‹ 4 A 2g (m 2 ). The third band m 3 overlaps with UV absorption of the ligand.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary deficiency of chromium has been shown to increase the risk of developing diabetes [3]. Clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with chromium chloride or chromium picolinate can lower blood glucose levels in diabetic patients [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A newly synthetic chromium complex – chromium(phenylalanine)₃ improves insulin responsiveness and reduces whole body glucose tolerance

et al. 2005

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Low-molecular-weight organic chromium complexes such as chromium picolinate are often used as dietary supplements to improve insulin sensitivity and to correct dyslipidemia. However, toxicity associated with such chromium compounds has compromised their therapeutic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a newly synthesized complex of chromium with phenylalanine, Cr(pa) 3 on insulin-signaling and glucose tolerance. Cr(pa) 3 was synthesized by chelating chromium(III) with D D-phenylalanine ligand in aqueous solution. In mouse 3T3-adipocytes, Cr(pa) 3 augmented insulin-stimulated glucose-uptake as assessed by a radioactive-glucose uptake assay. At the molecular level, Cr(pa) 3 enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in a time-and concentration-dependent manner without altering the phosphorylation of insulin receptor. Oral treatment with Cr(pa) 3 (150 lg/kg/d, for six weeks) in ob/ ob(+/+) obese mice significantly alleviated glucose tolerance compared with untreated obese mice. Unlike chromium picolinate, Cr(pa) 3 does not cleave DNA under physiological reducing conditions. Collectively, these data suggest that Cr(pa) 3 may represent a novel, less-toxic chromium supplement with potential therapeutic value to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in type II diabetes.

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“…Improvements in glucose tolerance (117)(118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123)(124)(125)(126)(127)(128) , plasma TG, total and HDL-cholesterol (128)(129)(130)(131) after Cr supplementation is well documented in humans and in animals. In Type 2 diabetic patients, Cr supplementation resulted in an improvement in insulin sensitivity (132)(133)(134) and other metabolic parameters (135,136) . Studies involving patients on total-parenteral-nutrition (TPN) led to conclusive documentation of the essential role of Cr in human nutrition (117,123,124) .…”

Section: Dietary Factors Physical Activity and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Infection: The Role of Insulin Resistance and Alternative Treatments

Aghdassi¹

2011

HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment and Some of Its Associated Complications

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Chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 58 publications

References 6 publications

Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)₃ Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)₃ Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

A newly synthetic chromium complex – chromium(phenylalanine)₃ improves insulin responsiveness and reduces whole body glucose tolerance

HIV-Infection: The Role of Insulin Resistance and Alternative Treatments

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Chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 58 publications

References 6 publications

Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)3 Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)3 Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

A newly synthetic chromium complex – chromium(phenylalanine)3 improves insulin responsiveness and reduces whole body glucose tolerance

HIV-Infection: The Role of Insulin Resistance and Alternative Treatments

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Product

Resources

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Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)₃ Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

Chromium (d‐Phenylalanine)₃ Improves Obesity‐Induced Cardiac Contractile Defect in ob/ob Mice

A newly synthetic chromium complex – chromium(phenylalanine)₃ improves insulin responsiveness and reduces whole body glucose tolerance