Chromium Picolinate Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Evidence-Based Review by the United States Food and Drug Administration

Trumbo, Paula R.; Ellwood, Kathleen C.

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00220.x

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…For many years, the discussion on the benefit of chromium supplementation was dominated by skepticisms. The FDA has reviewed 29 relevant human studies published through the year 2000 on CrPic 3 as Cr supplement in subjects with risk of type 2 diabetes and found only one small study suggesting that CrPic 3 may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (Trumbo and Ellwood 2006;Cefalu et al 1999). However, newer publications seem to favour a positive effect of chromium supplementation in diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Absorption, excretion and retention of 51Cr from labelled Cr-(III)-picolinate in rats

et al. 2008

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The bioavailability of chromium from Cr-picolinate (CrPic(3)) and Cr-chloride (CrCl(3)) was studied in rats using (51)Cr-labelled compounds and whole-body-counting. The intestinal absorption of Cr was twice as high from CrPic(3) (1.16% vs 0.55%) than from CrCl(3), however most of the absorbed (51)Cr from CrPic(3) was excreted into the urine within 24 h. After i.v. or i.p. injection, the whole-body retention curves fitted well to a multiexponential function, demonstrating that plasma chromium is in equilibrium with three pools. For CrPic(3), a large pool exists with a very rapid exchange (T (1/2) = <0.5 days), suggesting that CrPic(3) is absorbed as intact molecule, from which the main part is directly excreted by the kidney before degradation of the chromium complex in the liver can occur. CrCl(3) is less well absorbed but the rapid exchange pool is much smaller, resulting in even higher Cr concentrations in tissue such as muscle and fat. However, 1-3 days after application, the relative distribution of (51)Cr from both compounds was similar in all tissues studied, indicating that both compounds contribute to the same storage pool. In summary, the bioavailability of CrPic(3) in rats is not superior compared to CrCl(3).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Absorption, excretion and retention of 51Cr from labelled Cr-(III)-picolinate in rats

et al. 2008

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“…So far, there are still contradictory results from the available meta‐analyses on the value of CrP in reducing IR in diabetic, obese or IGT patients . For instance, a meta‐analysis concluded that chromium effects were non‐relevant after stratifying the studies according to methodological quality, sponsor involvement, and a Western versus non‐Western study location! The latter is not a valid justification for excluding a study from a meta‐analysis, given that gene, lifestyle and population variation all have an impact on the prevalence of PCOS and IR in any population …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium picolinate reduces insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomized controlled trial

Ashoush

Abou-Gamrah

Bayoumy

et al. 2015

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aim: To investigate the effect of chromium picolinate (CrP) on insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This double blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Gynecology outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University Women's Hospital. Using closed and randomly mixed envelopes, 100 women were selected out of 400 PCOS patients. Eighty-five patients finished the study and were analyzed, 44 in group I and 41 in group II. They were randomly allocated to 6 months of either 1000 μg CrP (50 patients), or placebo capsules (50 patients). Patients were seen monthly to encourage similar diet control and physical exercise plans. The primary outcome was fasting glucose insulin ratio (FGIR), secondary outcomes included ovulation, regularity of the cycle, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting serum insulin (FSI), and serum testosterone level. Results: There were no significant differences between women of both groups regarding pretreatment levels of FBS, FSI, FGIR, and serum testosterone. Use of CrP for 6 months was associated with significant reduction of BMI (P < 0.001) and FSI (P = 0.007), and significant rise in FGIR (P = 0.045). CrP significantly increased the chances of ovulation (P = 0.011) and regular menstruation (P = 0.002) by almost twofold after the fifth month of treatment. Conclusion: Chromium picolinate is useful in PCOS to reduce IR and stimulate ovulation.

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“…3,10,25 In a population of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, the supplementation with either 500 μg or 1000 mg of chromium daily did not produce any significant changes in insulin resistance or glucose tolerance measurements. 26 With so many inconclusive studies showing conflicting evidence, 10,21 and difficulty by some teams in replicating the results of others, no determination was made about chromium picolinate as a component to standard diabetes treatment because of the many variables in the study design, especially differences in populations, different measured markers, and variations in sample size. 26 With so many inconclusive studies showing conflicting evidence, 10,21 and difficulty by some teams in replicating the results of others, no determination was made about chromium picolinate as a component to standard diabetes treatment because of the many variables in the study design, especially differences in populations, different measured markers, and variations in sample size.…”

Section: Diabetes and Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Supplemental Chromium on Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance

Boyd¹

2013

Topics in Clinical Nutrition

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Chromium is an essential nutrient without an established upper intake level due to limited concerns over toxicity from dietary sources. Chromium supplementation has been investigated in relation to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Research has produced varying results concerning chromium supplementation on glucose intolerance or insulin resistance; some showing positive effects, whereas others showing no benefit. With a rise in obesity, and consequent rise in diabetes, it seems plausible that chromium supplementation should be explored as an adjunctive to standard treatment.

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Chromium Picolinate Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Evidence-Based Review by the United States Food and Drug Administration

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Absorption, excretion and retention of 51Cr from labelled Cr-(III)-picolinate in rats

Absorption, excretion and retention of 51Cr from labelled Cr-(III)-picolinate in rats

Chromium picolinate reduces insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomized controlled trial

The Role of Supplemental Chromium on Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance

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