Chromium in plants. Distribution in tissues, organelles, and extracts and availability of bean leaf chromium to animals

Huffman, E. W. D.; Allaway, W. H.

doi:10.1021/jf60190a008

Cited by 111 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Chromium concentrations in roots and shoots of CrO 2À 4 -supplied plants averaged 170 and 1.7 mg Cr Kg À1 DW, respectively, while those of Cr 3 -supplied plants averaged 110 and 1.1 mg Kg À1 DW, respectively. These results con®rm those obtained earlier by other researchers (Human and Allaway 1973;Myttenaere and Mousny 1974;Lahouti and Peterson 1979;Parr and Taylor 1980). The restriction in the translocation of both Cr forms in plants to the same degree, despite the dierential accumulation in roots and shoots, suggests that interconversion between CrO 2À 4 and Cr 3 is almost certain to occur in roots.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Chromium accumulation, translocation and chemical speciation in vegetable crops

Zayed

Lytle

Qian

et al. 1998

Planta

363

182

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Trivalent chromium (Cr 3 ) is essential for animal and human health, whereas hexavalent Cr (CrO 2À 4 ) is a potent carcinogen and extremely toxic to animals and humans. Thus, the accumulated Cr in food plants may represent potential health hazards to animals and humans if the element is accumulated in the hexavalent form or in high concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the extent to which various vegetable crops absorb and accumulate Cr 3 and CrO 2À 4 into roots and shoots and to ascertain the dierent chemical forms of Cr in these tissues. Two greenhouse hydroponic experiments were performed using a recirculating-nutrient culture technique that allowed all plants to be equally supplied with Cr at all times. In the ®rst experiment, 1 mg L A1 Cr was supplied to 11 vegetable plant species as Cr 3 or CrO 2À 4 , and the accumulation of Cr in roots and shoots was compared. The crops tested included cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.), cauli¯ower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.), celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.), chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.), collard (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.), garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and strawberry (Fragaria´ananassa Duch.). In the second experiment, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis on Cr in plant tissues was performed in roots and shoots of various vegetable plants treated with CrO 2À 4 at either 2 mg Cr L À1 for 7 d or 10 mg Cr L À1 for 2, 4 or 7 d. The crops used in this experiment included beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. crassa (Alef.) J. Helm), broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Plenck), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. gp. Cantalupensis), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), lettuce, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), spinach, tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten), and turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapifera Bailey). The XAS speciation analysis indicates that CrO 2À 4 is converted in the root to Cr 3 by all plants tested. Translocation of both Cr forms from roots to shoots was extremely limited and accumulation of Cr by roots was 100-fold higher than that by shoots, regardless of the Cr species supplied. Highest Cr concentrations were detected in members of the Brassicaceae family such as cauli¯ower, kale, and cabbage. Based on our observations and previous ®ndings by other researchers, a hypothesis for the dierential accumulation and identical translocation patterns of the two Cr ions is proposed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Chromium accumulation, translocation and chemical speciation in vegetable crops

Zayed

Lytle

Qian

et al. 1998

Planta

363

182

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“…The maximum quantity of element contaminant was always contained in roots and the minimum in the vegetative and reproductive organs (Zayed et al 1998;Pulford et al 2001). In bean, only 0.1% of the Cr accumulated was found in the seeds as against 98% in the roots (Huffman and Allaway 1973). The reason for the higher accumulation in roots of the plants could be because Cr is immobilized in the vacuoles of the root cells, thus rendering it less toxic, which may be a natural toxicity response of the plant (Shanker et al 2004).…”

Section: Chromium Uptake Transport and Distribution In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants: an overview

et al. 2011

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This article presents an overview of the mechanism of chromium (Cr) stress in plants. Toxic effects of Cr on plant growth and development depend primarily on its valence state. Cr(VI) is highly toxic and mobile whereas Cr(III) is less toxic. Cr-induced oxidative stress involves induction of lipid peroxidation in plants that cause severe damage to cell membranes which includes degradation of photosynthetic pigments causing deterioration in growth. The potential of plants with the adequacy to accumulate or to stabilize Cr compounds for bioremediation of Cr contamination has gained engrossment in recent years.

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“…Chromium is a non-essential element for plant growth and development [26,28]. Nevertheless it is absorbed by plants and the impact on the physiology of plants depends on Cr oxidation state, responsible of its fate and the resultant toxicity in plants [29].…”

Section: Chromium In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium-Containing Organic Fertilizers from Tanned Hides and Skins: A Review on Chemical, Environmental, Agronomical and Legislative Aspects

Ciavatta¹,

Manoli²,

Cavani³

et al. 2012

JEP

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A category of chromium (Cr)-containing fertilizers is represented by the fertilizers deriving from byproducts of tanning process. Their use is widespread because of their good agronomic response due to the high content of slow release or- ganic nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). They do not represent an environmental hazard because only the non-toxic form of Cr(III) is present. Productive processes may involve chemical, enzymatic or thermal hydrolysis. The final product is characterized by different contents of peptides and free amino acids depending on the type of hydrolysis. Legislation concerning Cr-containing fertilizers is controversial because often do not consider any scientific evidences; nevertheless, the European Union, the United States and countries as Italy, do not set the restriction to Cr(III) and generally only the presence of the toxic form, Cr(VI), is limited. Depending on its two main oxidation forms, Cr issue has been studied for many years. Several authors confirmed that Cr(VI) is carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is an essential trace element in human and animal diet. In soil Cr(III) has low mobility, whereas Cr(VI) is highly water soluble. However Cr(VI) in soil is quickly reduced to Cr(III); on the contrary oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) is rarely possible because particular conditions must occur. Only a very small fraction of Cr in soil is available to plant uptake and its translocation in edible parts is limited because it is immobilized in roots as Cr(III). Therefore risks of environmental pollution using these fertilizers are negligible; on the contrary they have positive environmental and agronomical effects. The aim of this review is to deal with the category of the organic fertilizers containing Cr derived from tannery processes focusing on its chemical, productive, legislative, environmental and agronomical aspects. Special attention is given to the ambiguous issue of Cr briefly summarizing the most important studies of the last forty years.

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Chromium in plants. Distribution in tissues, organelles, and extracts and availability of bean leaf chromium to animals

Cited by 111 publications

References 12 publications

Chromium accumulation, translocation and chemical speciation in vegetable crops

Chromium accumulation, translocation and chemical speciation in vegetable crops

Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants: an overview

Chromium-Containing Organic Fertilizers from Tanned Hides and Skins: A Review on Chemical, Environmental, Agronomical and Legislative Aspects

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