Chromium(III) and iron(III) inhibits replication of DNA and RNA viruses

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of treating of chromium(III) and iron(III) and their combinations on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) replication. The antiviral efficacies of chromium(III) and iron(III) on HSV-1 and BVDV were evaluated using Real Time PCR method. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of these microelements was examined using the MTT reduction assay. The IC50 (50% inhibiotory concentration) for the chromium chloride was 1100 μM for Hep-2 cells and 1400 μM for BT cells. The IC50 for the iron chloride was 1200 μM for Hep-2 cells and more than1400 μM for BT cells. The concentration-dependent antiviral activity of chromium chloride and iron chloride against HSV-1 and BVDV viruses was observed. In cultures simultaneously treated with (1) 200 μM of CrCl3 and 1000 μM of FeCl3, (2) 1000 μM of CrCl3 and 200 μM of FeCl3, (3) 400 μM of CrCl3 and 800 μM of FeCl3, (4) 800 μM of CrCl3 and 400 μM of FeCl3 a decrease in number of DNA or RNA copies was observed compared with control cells and cells incubated with chromium(III) and iron(III) used separately. The synergistic antiviral effects were observed for chromium(III) and iron(III) against HSV-1 and BVDV.

An anthracene based fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive detection of Chromium (III) ions in an aqueous medium and its practical application

“…Among the heavy metal ions, chromium (III) ion has great impacts on the various systems such as chemical, biological and environmental systems. It is a crucial trace element in human nutrition to balance the "glucose tolerance factor" [1] and also acts as an essential role in the metabolism of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats [2,3]. The National Research Council of United State has highly recommended taking 50-200 µg d −1 as an important amount of chromium (III) ion.…”

Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

“…On the other hand, the natural adsorbents, including clay, charcoal, and clay minerals showed 99.99% adsorption of CoVs ( Robson, 2020 ). Some minerals that may act against CoVs are selenium ( Ma et al., 2019 ), copper ( Rupp et al., 2017 ), iron ( Jayaweera et al., 2019 ), chromium ( Terpiłowska and Siwicki, 2017 ), potassium ( Punch et al., 2018 ), zinc ( Te Velthuis et al., 2010 ), and so on. Moreover, medicinal plants or their derivatives are also evident to act against hCoVs ( Kim et al., 2010 ; Aanouz et al., 2020 ; Islam et al., 2020 ).…”

The effectiveness of a nonalcoholic disinfectant containing metal ions, with broad antimicrobial activity

“…The metal ions are expected to be involved in sterilization. Several studies have reported that iron chloride exhibits antiviral activity in a concentration-dependent manner against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus and decreases the number of RNA or DNA replicates 16 . Zinc was shown to play a complementary role in enhancing bactericidal activity against the common mastitis causative pathogens Streptococcus uberis , S. aureus , and E. coli.…”