Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Mwamburi, Job

doi:10.1155/2016/7528263

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 7C reveals a different spatial trend for Cr with E to W, with a maximum concentration of 20-24 mg kg -1 in deeper soil profiles that indicate Cr leached into the deep-soil from the anthropogenic source. The Cr percolation may vary with different valent stats of metal through the processes of oxidation and reduction [72]. The spatial extent of Cd displays a higher concentration in the central part of the study area in patches while it covers greater spatial extent of higher values in subsoil and deep-soil ( Figure 8A-C).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Heavy Metals In Soilmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial Distribution and Mobility Assessment of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles Using Geostatistics and Random Forest, Boruta Algorithm

Shaheen

Iqbal

2018

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In third world countries, industries mainly cause environmental contamination due to lack of environmental policies or oversight during their implementation. The Sheikhupura industrial zone, which includes industries such as tanneries, leather, chemical, textiles, and colour and dyes, contributes massive amounts of untreated effluents that are released directly into drains and used for the irrigation of crops and vegetables. This practice causes not only soil contamination with an excessive amount of heavy metals, but is also considered a source of toxicity in the food chain, i.e., bioaccumulation in plants and ultimately in human body organs. The objective of this research study was to assess the spatial distribution of the heavy metals chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), at three depths of soil using geostatistics and the selection of significant contributing variables to soil contamination using the Random Forest (RF) function of the Boruta Algorithm. A total of 60 sampling locations were selected in the study area to collect soil samples (180 samples) at three depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 60-90 cm). The soil samples were analysed for their physico-chemical properties, i.e., soil saturation, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and Cr, Cd, and Pb using standard laboratory procedures. The data were analysed with comprehensive statistics and geostatistical techniques. The correlation coefficient matrix between the heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties revealed that electrical conductivity (EC) had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) negative correlation with Cr, Cd, and Pb. The RF function of the Boruta Algorithm employed soil depth as a classifier and ranked the significant soil contamination parameters (Cr, Cd, Pb, EC, and P) in relation to depth. The mobility factor indicated the leachate percentage of heavy metals at different vertical depths of soil. The spatial distribution pattern of Cr, Cd, and Pb revealed spatial variability regarding subsoil horizons. Significant contamination was discovered near the Deg drain and the Bed Nallah irrigated area that indicated a high Cr topsoil contamination, and in a homogenous pattern in Cd and Pb (p < 0.05). Consequently, different soil management strategies can be adopted in an industrial irrigated area to reduce the contamination load of heavy metals in soil.

show abstract

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Heavy Metals In Soilmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial Distribution and Mobility Assessment of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles Using Geostatistics and Random Forest, Boruta Algorithm

Shaheen

Iqbal

2018

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of additional amounts of Cr in the soil is caused by human activity. Chromium takes place as Cr(III) cation only in a strongly acidic and reducing medium, while Cr(VI) occurs in a strongly basic and oxidizing medium as CrO 4 2− anion [9][10][11][12]. Because of the tendency of Cr(III) to bind to cell walls of plants, it is mainly concentrated in roots [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Total Chromium and Chromium Species in Kombolcha Tannery Wastewater, Surrounding Soil, and Lettuce Plant Samples, South Wollo, Ethiopia

Asfaw

Tadesse

Ewnetie

2017

Advances in Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research paper deals with the determination of total chromium (total Cr), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) in Kombolcha leather industrial wastewater and the surrounding (soil and lettuce plant) samples where the wastewater flows. The levels of total Cr, Cr(VI), and Cr(III) in wastewater, soil, and lettuce plant samples were determined by FAAS, UV/Vis spectrophotometer, and difference (Cr(VI) from total Cr), respectively. Among all samples taken, the maximum amounts of total Cr, Cr(III), and Cr(VI) were obtained at the discharging point and the minimum amounts of total Cr and Cr(III) were found downstream (400 m from the junction) of Kombolcha leather industrial wastewater. On the other hand, the minimum concentration of Cr(VI) was obtained in lettuce plant sample. The amounts of total Cr in all samples except soil sample were above the permissible limit as set by WHO/FAO. The concentrations of Cr(III) in all wastewater samples were above the permissible level, whereas the concentration of Cr(VI) in wastewater was above the permissible level except 400 m from the junction. The result showed that a remarkable elimination of total Cr and Cr species has not been achieved by this leather industry as its level was not much decreased when entered into the water systems. Therefore, effective treatment methods should be applied to the wastewater for the wellbeing of the surroundings.

show abstract

“…49 An extensive review was conducted by Mwamburi on the levels of various Cr species that could exhibit toxic effects on benthos, insects, crustaceans, and vertebrates including fishes and aquatic plants. 50 The ecological impacts of Cr, Fe and other heavy metals have also been reported. 51 The effects of Fe contamination on fish diversity and abundance of periphyton and benthic invertebrates were described by Vuori.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total Cr measurements alone cannot provide information on its actual environmental impacts. 50 The total content of heavy metals is only indicative of the degree of contamination, not of their mobility. 61 Metals are present in insoluble form if they are attached to clay or organic matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Concentrations in Sediments of the Alinsaog River, Santa Cruz, Zambales, Central Luzon, Philippines

Sazon

Migo

2020

Journal of Health and Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Efforts are needed to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in aquatic sediments which serve as repositories and as sources of contamination of other habitats. Objectives. The present study assessed temporal changes in the pH, particle size and concentration of metals in sediments of a mining-affected river in Zambales, Philippines. Methods. Sediment samples were collected at different periods in four stations along the river using a modified Van Veen grab. The samples were subjected to quartering, air-drying, and sieved through a mesh of 40 mm prior to X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis using Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t to determine metal concentrations. The sediment particle size was analyzed by the sieve method and soil pH by the electrode method. Results. Measured metal concentrations in the sediment were as follows: iron (Fe)> calcium (Ca)> chromium (Cr)> nickel (Ni)> manganese (Mn) with averages of 174.6 mg/g, 7.89 mg/g, 6.54 mg/g, 4.82 mg/g, and 2.75 mg/g dry matter (DM), respectively. The mean pH of riverine sediments was generally neutral, except for Station 4. In terms of particle size, silt and clay fractions increased in the upstream station but decreased in the midstream and downstream stations across the sampling periods. The flooding brought by Typhoon Koppu resulted in lowered concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni and an upsurge in Ca and potassium levels. Discussion. Most of the heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn) exceeded the probable effect level (PEL) for inorganics in sediments, suggesting that the adverse effects of these metals on the environment and aquatic organisms are expected to occur frequently. In comparison with Station 4, which was less affected by siltation, there was a sign of metal enrichment in the area. This indicates that soil erosion and runoff, which might have been triggered by vegetation loss, mineral extraction, and agricultural activities, had a significant impact on the quality of river sediments. Conclusions. The findings of the study point to the need for the formulation and implementation of appropriate regulatory measures for the protection and rehabilitation of the heavy metal-loaded river. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

show abstract

Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Cited by 14 publications

References 86 publications

Spatial Distribution and Mobility Assessment of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles Using Geostatistics and Random Forest, Boruta Algorithm

Spatial Distribution and Mobility Assessment of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles Using Geostatistics and Random Forest, Boruta Algorithm

Determination of Total Chromium and Chromium Species in Kombolcha Tannery Wastewater, Surrounding Soil, and Lettuce Plant Samples, South Wollo, Ethiopia

Metal Concentrations in Sediments of the Alinsaog River, Santa Cruz, Zambales, Central Luzon, Philippines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About