Chromium depletion in the vicinity of carbides in sensitized austenitic stainless steels

Hall, Ernest L.; Briant, C. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02644554

Cited by 197 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is worth noting that all of these models only allow for chromium modification when estimating the carbide-matrix interface composition. This is not strictly correct in systems with more than three components such as the one dealt with by Was and Kruger, and Bruemmer, since, for example there is no guarantee that the flux balance equations: will be verified simultaneously for a unique velocity v. As mentioned earlier, previous models [3][4][5][6] implied that the c gb Cr(min) is reached at tϭ0. However, measurements 7) indicate that c Cr gb will only reach a minimum after a finite time t as in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[3][4][5][6] However, this composition is, in general, not that given by the tie-line satisfying the mass-balance, but by that satisfying the flux-balance, that is the set of conditions:…”

Section: Composition At the Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore reasonable to assume [3][4][5][6] that the activity of carbon in the matrix becomes uniform, i.e., the activity at the carbidematrix interface equals far away from the interface. This is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sensitisation and Evolution of Chromium-depleted Zones in Fe-Cr-Ni-C Systems

2003

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The development of chromium concentration profiles in austenitic stainless steels, due to the grain boundary precipitation of carbides has been modelled, taking account of multicomponent effects, both in the estimation of the state of equilibrium at the carbide/matrix interface and in diffusion. A comparison against published experimental data shows that the theory accounts for the development of the depleted zone as well as self-healing, unlike recent work where these effects are treated as separate phenomena. At the same time, the present model preserves local equilibrium at the precipitate-matrix interface and provides a natural explanation for the observation of delays in reaching the minimum chromium content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[3][4][5][6] However, this composition is, in general, not that given by the tie-line satisfying the mass-balance, but by that satisfying the flux-balance, that is the set of conditions:…”

Section: Composition At the Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitisation and Evolution of Chromium-depleted Zones in Fe-Cr-Ni-C Systems

2003

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“…Thus, chromium improves the corrosion resistance 28 unless precipitation leads to chromium depleted zones; 29 this phenomenon is classically observed in stainless steels 30 and is referred to as sensitisation. Since large concentrations of chromium (for example 32 at.-%) are present in some HEAs, it is not surprising that they can in principle outperform stainless steels.…”

Section: Miraclementioning

confidence: 99%

High entropy alloys

Bhadeshia

2015

Materials Science and Technology

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This issue of Materials Science and Technology is, I think, going to be seminal in defining the way forward for the so-called high entropy alloys (HEAs). We identified and invited as many of the people involved in HEA research as the databases listed. Not everyone was able to contribute. But those who did have written in the best traditions of science and I thank them for their efforts. We invite discussion and further individual contributions on this rapidly developing subject.

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“…The first detailed analysis of the above phenomena was carried out by Stawström and Hillert 1) ; and since then, various attempts to model the intergranular precipitation have been made. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Among these, only Arai and Takeda, 4) Ohtani and Ågren 6) and Sourmail et al 9) have considered the effect of nickel on the Fe-Cr-C ternary system, which influences the precipitation behavior; other authors have not taken into account the effect of a fourth element on the ternary system. Figure 1 shows a schematic Fe-Cr-C ternary phase diagram at the temperature at which sensitization occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sensitization and Self-Healing in Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Simulations of Cr-Depleted Zones

2011

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A simulation of the grain boundary precipitation of the Cr-rich carbide, M23C6, in austenitic stainless steels has been carried out using the DICTRA software package employing kinetic and thermodynamic databases. Our calculations reproduced the evolution of the Cr-depleted zone close to M23C6 carbide and the disappearance of the zone after a long annealing time. In addition, the calculated time-temperaturesensitization diagrams were in line with the experimental results of typical corrosion trends with annealing time. According to our results, despite the simple treatment used, a reasonable approximation for the simulations was to set the initial width of the austenite region from which the carbon was drawn as a sixth of the grain size. We also confirmed that the onset of sensitization for a steel with 0.1 mass%C shifted to shorter times and to higher temperatures compared with a steel with 0.06 mass%C.

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Chromium depletion in the vicinity of carbides in sensitized austenitic stainless steels

Cited by 197 publications

References 28 publications

Sensitisation and Evolution of Chromium-depleted Zones in Fe-Cr-Ni-C Systems

Sensitisation and Evolution of Chromium-depleted Zones in Fe-Cr-Ni-C Systems

High entropy alloys

Evaluation of Sensitization and Self-Healing in Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Simulations of Cr-Depleted Zones

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