Chromium coatings deposited by cooled and hot target magnetron sputtering for accident tolerant nuclear fuel claddings

Kashkarov, Egor; Sidelev, Dmitrii V.; Rombaeva, Maya R.; Сыртанов, М. С.; Bleykher, G.A.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125618

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is clearly seen by the change of the oxygen penetration depth from ~5 to 40 μm with increasing oxidation time from 20 to 40 min, respectively. Similar depth distributions of elements have been observed for E110 alloy with thin Cr coatings in the previous study [6].…”

Section: Elemental Distributions Over a Depthsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The Cr2N and tetragonal t-ZrO2 phases are found at higher oxidation time (after 30 min). The growth of CrN phase is observed after 40 min oxidation that can be caused by interacting of Cr with nitrogen from re-oxidation reaction [6]. The content of m-ZrO2 and t-ZrO2 phases is increased with the oxidation time.…”

Section: Elemental Distributions Over a Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness and microstructure of the as-deposited coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using Quanta 200 3D (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). The weight gain of the samples was measured using an analytical balance machine CP124 S (Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany) with an accuracy of 10 −4 g. The weight gain was calculated only for coated area, so the next expression was used [6]: ,…”

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, a wide variety of materials have been studied as protective coatings on zirconium fuel claddings to improve its resistance under normal operation (~360 ° C, 18.6 MPa) and design-based accident (DBA, up to 1200 °C) conditions. The majority of scientific groups and organizations suggest metallic chromium as the most suitable material for the development of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) claddings [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Growth of a chromia (Cr2O3) layer on surface of Cr-coated Zr alloy decelerates oxygen diffusion to the alloy and significantly increases its oxidation resistance (e.g., by an order of magnitude at 1200 °C for 10 min [7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

et al. 2021

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Metallic Cr and multilayer CrN/Cr coatings with a thickness of 2.5 µm were deposited onto E110 alloy by magnetron sputtering. Oxidation tests in air were performed at 1100 °C for 10–40 min. The gravimetric measurements showed better protective properties of multilayer CrN/Cr coatings in comparison with metallic Cr coating. Multilayer coating prevented fast Cr–Zr inter-diffusion by the formation of a ZrN layer beneath the coating. The appearance of ZrN is caused by interaction with nitrogen formed from the decomposition of CrN to Cr2N phases. Optical microscopy revealed a residual Cr layer for the multilayer CrN (0.25 µm)/Cr (0.25 µm) coating for all the oxidation periods. Additional in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of coated alloy during linear heating up to 1400 °C showed that the formation of the Cr2Zr phase in the case of multilayer coatings occurred at a higher (~150 °C) temperature compared to metallic Cr. Multilayer coatings can decrease the nitrogen effect for Zr alloy oxidation. Uniform and thinner oxide layers of Zr alloy were observed when the multilayer coatings were applied. The highest oxidation resistance belonged to the CrN/Cr coating with a multilayer step of 0.25 µm.

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Section: Elemental Distributions Over a Depthsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Elemental Distributions Over a Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

et al. 2021

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“…The presence of N in atmosphere accelerated oxidation rate of the samples and resulted in the non-uniform growth of oxide layer over the cross-section of the samples. Cracking and spallation of zirconia layers can cause breakaway oxidation of Zr-based alloys that was also found in other studies during high-temperature (800-1200 • C) oxidation, especially in nitrogen-content atmosphere [27,31,36]. Nevertheless, the comparison of oxide thickness in welding zone, end plug and cladding tube showed the predominantly oxidation in the region of weld burr.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

High-Temperature Oxidation of Cr-Coated Resistance Upset Welds Made from E110 Alloy

2021

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The resistance upset welds (RUW) made from E110 alloy without and with Cr coatings were oxidized in air atmosphere at 1100 °C for 2, 10 and 30 min. The cross-section microstructure, elemental composition and hardness were studied before and after oxidation using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and indentations in welding region. The RUW welding does not noticeably change oxidation kinetics of E110 alloy. The most crucial effect has surface non-regularities formed after welding, which prevent uniform coating deposition on full surface of welded cladding tube and end plug. Cr coating deposition can strongly reduce oxidation of welded E110 alloy, while additional post-processing treatment should be applied to improve surface morphology after RUW welding. Several suggestions favorable to development of ATF Zr-based claddings using Cr coating deposition on welded nuclear rods were discussed.

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Effect of Bias Voltage on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and High-Temperature Steam Oxidation Behavior of Cr Coatings Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering on Zircaloy-4 Alloy

Zhu,

Ruan,

Huang

et al. 2023

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Chromium coatings deposited by cooled and hot target magnetron sputtering for accident tolerant nuclear fuel claddings

Cited by 44 publications

References 42 publications

Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

High-Temperature Oxidation of Cr-Coated Resistance Upset Welds Made from E110 Alloy

Effect of Bias Voltage on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and High-Temperature Steam Oxidation Behavior of Cr Coatings Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering on Zircaloy-4 Alloy

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