Chromatographic study of expert and biological samples containing desomorphine

Savchuk, S. A.; Barsegyan, S. S.; Barsegyan, I. B.; Колесов, Г. М.

doi:10.1134/s1061934808040096

Cited by 27 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, detection of desomorphine as potential marker of crocodile use or as cause of an opioid poisoning is needed. So far, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatographic analysis of desomorphine and codeine-derived byproducts in confiscated samples of suspected Bcrocodileĉ onsumers was described [6]. They could also detect desomorphine itself in some urine samples of consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic fate of desomorphine elucidated using rat urine, pooled human liver preparations, and human hepatocyte cultures as well as its detectability using standard urine screening approaches

et al. 2016

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Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroin. It is a crude synthesis product homemade from codeine with toxic byproducts. The aim of the present work was to investigate the metabolic fate of desomorphine in vivo using rat urine and in vitro using pooled human liver microsomes and cytosol as well as human liver cell lines (HepG2 and HepaRG) by Orbitrap-based liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. According to the identified metabolites, the following metabolic steps could be proposed: N-demethylation, hydroxylation at various positions, N-oxidation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) initial activity screening revealed CYP3A4 to be the only CYP involved in all phase I steps. UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) initial activity screening showed that UGT1A1, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17 formed desomorphine glucuronide. Among the tested in vitro models, HepaRG cells were identified to be the most suitable tool for prediction of human hepatic phase I and II metabolism of drugs of abuse. Finally, desomorphine (crocodile) consumption should be detectable by all standard urine screening approaches mainly via the parent compound and/or its glucuronide assuming similar kinetics in rats and humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic fate of desomorphine elucidated using rat urine, pooled human liver preparations, and human hepatocyte cultures as well as its detectability using standard urine screening approaches

et al. 2016

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“…In the last five years, a growing number of reports on the prevalence of substance use have shown that the consumption of inhaled opium and parenteral heroin has been significantly reduced in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Georgia, while a notable increase In the consumption of drugs containing codeine (Solpadeine, Codterpin or Codelac) to produce desomorphine [11].…”

Section: From the Desomorphine To The Krokodilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desomorphine, Krokodil: Current State and Social Perception

Escribano¹,

Dalae²,

Monfort³

2017

J Drug Abuse

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“…1 The street name is 'krokodil' due to the characteristic skin scales users have after use. The effects on the user are similar to that of heroin, although they are reduced from 4-8 hours for heroin to 1 hour for homemade desomorphine.…”

Section: ??mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Letter: Homemade heroin substitute causing hallucinations

Lemon¹

2013

Afr. J. Psych

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Chromatographic study of expert and biological samples containing desomorphine

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Metabolic fate of desomorphine elucidated using rat urine, pooled human liver preparations, and human hepatocyte cultures as well as its detectability using standard urine screening approaches

Metabolic fate of desomorphine elucidated using rat urine, pooled human liver preparations, and human hepatocyte cultures as well as its detectability using standard urine screening approaches

Desomorphine, Krokodil: Current State and Social Perception

Scientific Letter: Homemade heroin substitute causing hallucinations

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